612 Results for: "western blot detection systems"

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

IL-16 was initially identified as a chemotactic cytokine, but is now known to possess a wide range of activities. Later studies have more fully characterized IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that contributes to the regulatory process of CD4+ T cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation in association with asthma and several autoimmune diseases. The precursor of IL-16 (pro-IL-16) is thought to be cleaved towards the C-terminal region by Caspase-3, releasing a 20 kDa active form that binds to and signals through CD4. Besides acting as a chemotactic cytokine, IL-16 is thought to also be involved in the regulation of T cell proliferation and multiple infectious, immune-mediated, and autoimmune inflammatory disorders including irritable bowel syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neurodegenerative disorders. At least two isoforms of IL-16 are known to exist; the longer isoform (also known as NIL-16) is detected only in neurons of the cerebellum and hippocampus.

Supplier: Prosci

VSX1 contains a paired-like homeodomain and binds to the core of the locus control region of the red/green visual pigment gene cluster. VSX1 may regulate expression of the cone opsin genes early in development. Mutations in VSX1 can cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and keratoconus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain and binds to the core of the locus control region of the red/green visual pigment gene cluster. The encoded protein may regulate expression of the cone opsin genes early in development. Mutations in this gene can cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and keratoconus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Biosensis

Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase 3 activation. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1. Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons. Also found in the nucleus. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist.

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) also known as Hsp32, is the inducible isoform of heme oxygenase that catalyzes the NADPH, oxygen, and cytochrome P450 reductase dependent oxidation of heme to carbon monoxide, ferrous iron and biliverdin which is rapidly reduced to bilirubin. These products of the HO reaction have important physiological effects: carbon monoxide is a potent vasodilator and has been implicated to be a physiological regulator of cGMP and vascular tone; biliverdin and its product bilirubin are potent antioxidants; "free" iron increases oxidative stress and regulates the expression of many mRNAs (e.g., DCT-1, ferritin and transferring receptor) by affecting the conformation of iron regulatory protein (IRP)-1 and its binding to iron regulatory elements (IREs) in the 5'- or 3'- UTRs of the mRNAs. To date, three identified heme oxygenase isoforms are part of the HO system that catalyze heme into biliverdin and carbon monoxide. These are inducible HO-1 or Hsp32, constitutive HO-2 that is abundant in the brain and testis, and HO-3 which is related to HO-2 but is the product of a different gene. The HO system is the rate-limiting step in heme degradation and HO activity decreases the levels of heme which is a well known potent catalyst of lipid peroxidation and oxygen radical formation.

Supplier: Prosci

C1q. C1q associates with the proenzymes C1R and C1S to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. Deficiency of C1q has been associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains: six A-chains, six B-chains, and six C-chains. Each chain contains a collagen-like region located near the N terminus and a C-terminal globular region. The A-, B-, and C-chains are arranged in the order A-C-B on chromosome 1.

Supplier: Prosci

VSX1 contains a paired-like homeodomain and binds to the core of the locus control region of the red/green visual pigment gene cluster. VSX1 may regulate expression of the cone opsin genes early in development. Mutations in VSX1 can cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and keratoconus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain and binds to the core of the locus control region of the red/green visual pigment gene cluster. The encoded protein may regulate expression of the cone opsin genes early in development. Mutations in this gene can cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and keratoconus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Prosci

SPINSTER, also known as SPNS1 or SPIN1, is a 528 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to the spinster subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily. SPINSTER interacts with Bcl-x and Bcl-2 and, via this interaction, is thought to be involved in necrotic or autophagic cell death. The related protein SPNS2 is critical for the normal lymphocyte localization and mammalian immune system function (1,3).

Supplier: Prosci

CHGA is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. Its gene's product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. However, biological activities for these molecules have not been shown.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. This gene product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. However, biological activities for these molecules have not been shown.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. This gene product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. However, biological activities for these molecules have not been shown.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromosomal region 7p12, which contains GBAS, is amplified in approximately 40% of glioblastomas, the most common and malignant form of central nervous system tumor.The predicted 286-amino acid protein contains a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, and 2 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The GBAS transcript is expressed most abundantly in heart and skeletal muscle. GBAS protein might be involved in vesicular transport.Chromosomal region 7p12, which contains GBAS, is amplified in approximately 40% of glioblastomas, the most common and malignant form of central nervous system tumor.The predicted 286-amino acid protein contains a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, and 2 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The GBAS transcript is expressed most abundantly in heart and skeletal muscle. GBAS protein might be involved in vesicular transport.

Supplier: Prosci

MAOA catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.This gene encodes monoamine oxidase A, an enzyme that degrades amine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The protein localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane. The gene is adjacent to a related gene on the opposite strand of chromosome X. Mutation in this gene results in monoamine oxidase deficiency, or Brunner syndrome.

Supplier: Prosci

CBS is involved in the transsulfuration pathway. The first step of this pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine, is catalyzed by this protein. CBS deficiency can cause homocystinuria which affects many organs and tissues, including the eyes and the skeletal, vascular and central nervous systems.The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the transsulfuration pathway. The first step of this pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine, is catalyzed by this protein. CBS deficiency can cause homocystinuria which affects many organs and tissues, including the eyes and the skeletal, vascular and central nervous systems.

Supplier: Prosci

FOXP3 is involved in immune system responses. It functions as the master regulator in the development and function of regulatory T cells. FOX proteins belong to the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and are presumed to exert control via similar DNA binding interactions during transcription. Defects in FOXP3 are the cause of immunodeficiency polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX); also known as X-linked autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndrome. IPEX is characterized by neonatal onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, infections, secretory diarrhea, trombocytopenia, anemia and eczema.

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

The multifunctional, multi-compartmental protein Calreticulin (Crt) functions as a soluble molecular chaperone of new or misfolded proteins as well as a Ca2+-binding protein. Most abundant in the ER lumen, Crt expression also occurs in other membrane-bound organelles, the cell surface, and extracellularly. Also known as CRP-55, calregulin and HACBP (high affinity calcium-binding protein), Crt contains the ER-retrieval sequence, KDEL, and is the soluble paralog of the ER membrane protein Calnexin (Cnx). Crts three domains include a 180 residue N-terminal domain, a proline-rich P-domain (residues 189-288) that binds Ca2+ with high affinity and shares homology with Cnx and calmegin, and a 110 residue C-terminal domain that binds Ca2+ with low affinity but high capacity. The P-domain may interact with the co-chaperone ERp57 (Grp58), a thiol reductase. The NMR structure of the P-domain consists of an extended hairpin that appears to form a curved protrusion from the Crt core domain. Both Crt and its membrane bound homolog CNX interact with proteins and glycoproteins possessing monoglucosylated N-glycans. The Crt/Cnx cycle promotes correct folding, inhibits aggregation of folding intermediates, blocks premature oligomerization, regulates ER degradation, and prevents incompletely folded glycoproteins from exiting to the Golgi complex. Crt also appears to function as an auto-antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, complete congenital heart block, and halothane hepatitis. A diversity of additional functions attributed to Crt includes adhesion, blood function, and cardiac and neuronal development gene expression.

Supplier: Prosci

RFXAP is part of the RFX complex that binds to the X-box of MHC II promoters.Major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules are transmembrane proteins that have a central role in development and control of the immune system. The protein encoded by this gene, along with regulatory factor X-associated ankyrin-containing protein and regulatory factor-5, forms a complex that binds to the X box motif of certain MHC class II gene promoters and activates their transcription. Once bound to the promoter, this complex associates with the non-DNA-binding factor MHC class II transactivator, which controls the cell type specificity and inducibility of MHC class II gene expression. Mutations in this gene have been linked to bare lymphocyte syndrome type II, complementation group D. Transcript variants utilizing different polyA signals have been found for this gene. Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and genomic sequence data because transcript sequence consistent with the reference genome assembly was not available for all regions of the RefSeq transcript. The extent of this transcript is supported by transcript alignments. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Bioss

Growth/differentiation factors (GDFs) are members of the TGF superfamily (1,2). Members of the TGF superfamily are involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis (1). GDF-1 expression is almost exclusively restricted to the central nervous system and mediates cell differentiation events during embryonic development (3). Neither GDF-3 (Vgr-2) nor GDF-9 contains the conserved cysteine residue which is found in most other TGF superfamily members. GDF-3 is detectable in bone marrow, spleen, thymus and adipose tissue, whereas GDF-9 has only been detected in ovary (4). GDF-5 (also designated CDMP-1) has been shown to induce activation of plasminogen activator, thereby inducing angiogenesis. It is predominantly expressed in long bones during fetal embryonic development and is involved in bone formation. (5). GDF-5 mutations have been identified in mice with the mutation brachypodism (bp), a mutation which affects the length and number of bones in limbs (6). GDF-6 and GDF-7 are closely related to GDF-5 (6). GDF-8 has been shown to be a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass (1).

Supplier: Bioss

Growth/differentiation factors (GDFs) are members of the TGF superfamily (1,2). Members of the TGF superfamily are involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis (1). GDF-1 expression is almost exclusively restricted to the central nervous system and mediates cell differentiation events during embryonic development (3). Neither GDF-3 (Vgr-2) nor GDF-9 contains the conserved cysteine residue which is found in most other TGF superfamily members. GDF-3 is detectable in bone marrow, spleen, thymus and adipose tissue, whereas GDF-9 has only been detected in ovary (4). GDF-5 (also designated CDMP-1) has been shown to induce activation of plasminogen activator, thereby inducing angiogenesis. It is predominantly expressed in long bones during fetal embryonic development and is involved in bone formation. (5). GDF-5 mutations have been identified in mice with the mutation brachypodism (bp), a mutation which affects the length and number of bones in limbs (6). GDF-6 and GDF-7 are closely related to GDF-5 (6). GDF-8 has been shown to be a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass (1).

Supplier: Prosci

The function of the protein encoded by the AIRE gene is not well defined. However it contains zinc finger motifs suggestive of a transcription factor. The protein (isoform 1) is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Defects in this gene cause the autosomal-recessive systemic autoimmune disease termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that forms nuclear bodies and interacts with the transcriptional coactivator CBP. At least three splice variant mRNAs products have been described including one which results in a premature stop codon and a transcript predicted to be a candidate for nuclear-mediated decay (NMD). Defects in this gene cause the rare autosomal-recessive systemic autoimmune disease termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).

Supplier: Prosci

Transport of folate compounds into mammalian cells can occur via receptor-mediated or carrier-mediated mechanisms. A functional coordination between these 2 mechanisms has been proposed to be the method of folate uptake in certain cell types. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate chemotherapeutic agent that is actively transported by the carrier-mediated uptake system. SLC19A1 plays a role in maintaining intracellular concentrations of folate.Transport of folate compounds into mammalian cells can occur via receptor-mediated (see MIM 136430) or carrier-mediated mechanisms. A functional coordination between these 2 mechanisms has been proposed to be the method of folate uptake in certain cell types. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate chemotherapeutic agent that is actively transported by the carrier-mediated uptake system. RFC1 plays a role in maintaining intracellular concentrations of folate.

Supplier: Boster Biological Technology

Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Band 3 anion transport protein(SLC4A1) detection. Tested with WB, IHC-P, IHC-F in Human;Mouse;Rat.

Supplier: Prosci

Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolize long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood-brain barrier system.Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolize long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood-brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Genscript

THE™ Anti-GST Monoclonal antibody (Mouse) recognizes GST localized at the C-terminal, N-terminal and internal region ofGST-tagged fusion proteins.

Supplier: Prosci

SYVN1 is a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The protein removes unfolded proteins, accumulated during ER stress, by retrograde transport to the cytosol from the ER. This protein also uses the ubiquitin-proteasome system for additional degradation of unfolded proteins.This gene encodes a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The encoded protein removes unfolded proteins, accumulated during ER stress, by retrograde transport to the cytosol from the ER. This protein also uses the ubiquitin-proteasome system for additional degradation of unfolded proteins. This gene and the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L49 gene use in their respective 3' UTRs some of the same genomic sequence. Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode different isoforms.

Supplier: Prosci

SYVN1 is a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The protein removes unfolded proteins, accumulated during ER stress, by retrograde transport to the cytosol from the ER. This protein also uses the ubiquitin-proteasome system for additional degradation of unfolded proteins.This gene encodes a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The encoded protein removes unfolded proteins, accumulated during ER stress, by retrograde transport to the cytosol from the ER. This protein also uses the ubiquitin-proteasome system for additional degradation of unfolded proteins. This gene and the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L49 gene use in their respective 3' UTRs some of the same genomic sequence. Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode different isoforms.

Supplier: Prosci

C4BPB is a member of a superfamily of proteins composed predominantly of tandemly arrayed short consensus repeats of approximately 60 amino acids. A single, unique beta-chain encoded by this gene assembles with seven identical alpha-chains into the predominant isoform of C4b-binding protein, a multimeric protein that controls activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. C4b-binding protein has a regulatory role in the coagulation system also, mediated through the beta-chain binding of protein S, a vitamin K-dependent protein that serves as a cofactor of activated protein C.

Supplier: Genscript

THE™ Anti-GST Monoclonal antibody (Mouse) recognizes GST localized at the C-terminal, N-terminal and internal region ofGST-tagged fusion proteins.

Supplier: Biosensis

The capsaicin receptor (VR1, TRPV1) is a ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. The receptor seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. It is involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits a time- and Ca2+-dependent outward rectification, followed by a long-lasting refractory state. Mild extracellular acidic pH (6.5) potentiates channel activation by noxious heat and vanilloids, whereas acidic conditions (pH less than 6) directly activate the channel. Can be activated by endogenous compounds, including 12-hydroperoxytetraenoic acid and bradykinin. Acts as ionotropic endocannabinoid receptor with central neuromodulatory effects. Triggers a form of long-term depression (TRPV1-LTD) mediated by the endocannabinoid anandamine in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens by affecting AMPA receptors endocytosis (Ref: uniprot.org). Antibody is specific for rat/mouse VR1 protein in westerns and immunofluorescent immunohistochemistry on mouse PEG fixed DRG tissues. Pre-absorption with immunogen obliterates positive staining. Cross reactivity with other non-VR1 proteins is minimal; cross reactivity with VR1 from other species not yet tested.

Supplier: Prosci

The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. RFC5 is the 36 kD subunit. This subunit can interact with the C-terminal region of PCNA. It forms a core complex with the 38 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system.The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 36 kD subunit. This subunit can interact with the C-terminal region of PCNA. It forms a core complex with the 38 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Supplier: Proteintech

MPZ (myelin protein zero), also known as P0, a transmembrane glycoprotein (~30 kDa), is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. Synthesized by myelin-forming Schwann cells, MPZ is the major structural protein component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. It is involved in formation and maintenance of compact myelin, and plays a role in the creation of an extracellular membrane face which guides the wrapping process and ultimately compacts adjacent lamellae. More than 120 mutations detected in the gene of MPZ cause various forms of hereditary neuropathy, which include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B (CMT1B), CMT2, Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS), and congenital hypomyelination neuropathy (CHN). This antibody can recognize endogenous MPZ, and can be used as a marker of myelinating Schwann cells.

Supplier: Prosci

The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. CD8B is the CD8 beta chain isoforms.The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 beta chain isoforms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct membrane associated or secreted isoforms have been described. A pseudogene, also located on chromosome 2, has been identified.

Supplier: Prosci

LCN1 could play a role in taste reception. LCN1 could be necessary for the concentration and delivery of sapid molecules in the gustatory system. LCN1 can bind various ligands, with chemical structures ranging from lipids and retinoids to the macrocyclic antibiotic rifampicin and even to microbial siderophores. LCN1 exhibits an extremely wide ligand pocket.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the lipocalin family. Lipocalins are a group of extracellular proteins that are able to bind lipophiles by enclosure within their structures to minimize solvent contact. This protein may bind hydrophobic ligands and inhibit cysteine proteinases. It may also play a role in taste reception.