35959 Results for: "tbe+buffer"

Supplier: Prosci

Ataxin-2 binding protein 1 (A2BP1) has an RNP motif that is highly conserved among RNA-binding proteins. This protein binds to the C-terminus of ataxin-2 and may contribute to the restricted pathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Ataxin-2 is the gene product of the SCA2 gene which causes familial neurodegenerative diseases. Ataxin-2 binding protein 1 and ataxin-2 are both localized in the trans-Golgi network. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been found but their full length nature has not been determined.Ataxin-2 binding protein 1 has an RNP motif that is highly conserved among RNA-binding proteins. This protein binds to the C-terminus of ataxin-2 and may contribute to the restricted pathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Ataxin-2 is the gene product of the SCA2 gene which causes familial neurodegenerative diseases. Ataxin-2 binding protein 1 and ataxin-2 are both localized in the trans-Golgi network. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been found but their full length nature has not been determined.

Supplier: Prosci

ZNF781 belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. It contains 4 C2H2-type zinc fingers. ZNF781 may be involved in transcriptional regulation. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. The function of this peroxisomal membrane protein is unknown. However, it is speculated that it may function as a heterodimer for another peroxisomal ABC transporter and, therefore, may modify the adrenoleukodystrophy phenotype. It may also play a role in the process of peroxisome biogenesis. Alternative splicing results in at least two different transcript variants, one which is protein-coding and one which is probably not protein-coding.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 55kDa, which is identified as fascin-1. Its actin binding ability is regulated by phosphorylation. Antibody to fascin-1 is a very sensitive marker for Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease. It is uniformly negative in lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and myeloid cells. Fascin-1 is also expressed in dendritic cells. This marker may be helpful to distinguish between Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in difficult cases. Also, the lack of expression of fascin-1 in the neoplastic follicles in follicular lymphoma may be helpful in distinguishing these lymphomas from reactive follicular hyperplasia in which the number of follicular dendritic cells is normal or increased. Antibody to fascin-1 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung as well as in ovarian cancer. Fascin-1 expression may be induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells with the possibility that viral induction of fascin in lymphoid or other cell types must also be considered in EBV-positive cases.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 67kDa transmembrane protein, which is identified as CD5. The CD5 antigen is found on 95% of thymocytes and 72% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. In lymph nodes, the main reactivity is observed in T cell areas. Anti-CD5 is a pan T-cell marker that also reacts with a range of neoplastic B-cells, e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma, and a subset (~10%) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CD5 aberrant expression is useful in making a diagnosis of mature T-cell neoplasms. Anti-CD5 detection is diagnostic in CLL/SLL within a panel of other B-cell markers, especially one that includes anti-CD23. Anti-CD5 is also very useful in differentiating among mature small lymphoid cell malignancies. In addition, anti-CD5 can be used in distinguishing thymic carcinoma (+) from thymoma (-). Anti-CD5 does not react with granulocytes or monocytes.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb is specific to heavy chain of IgA and shows minimal cross-reaction with heavy chains of other immunoglobulins. It is reactive with both IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses of Alpha heavy chain. It reacts with the third constant domain (CH3) of the alpha chain of IgA molecules. Immunoglobulins are four-chain, Y-shaped, monomeric structures comprised of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains held together through inter-chain disulfide bonds. The chains form two domains, the Fab (antigen binding) fragment and the Fc (constant) fragment. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main protein of the mucosal immune system. It is generated by B-cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Daily production of IgA exceeds that of any of the other immunoglobulins. IgA exists mainly in dimers but can also exist as polymers or as monomers. Dimers and polymers contain a joining (J) chain that can be bound by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) for transportation of the molecule to mucosal surfaces. The most common feature of plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin s lymphomas is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.

Supplier: Prosci

ILF3 may facilitate double-stranded RNA-regulated gene expression at the level of post-transcription. ILF3 can act as a translation inhibitory protein which binds to coding sequences of acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) and other mRNAs and functions at the initiation phase of GCase mRNA translation, probably by inhibiting its binding to polysomes. ILF3 can regulate protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 activity. ILF3 may regulate transcription of the IL2 gene during T-cell activation. It can promote the formation of stable DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complexes on DNA.Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. NFAT binds to a sequence in the IL2 enhancer known as the antigen receptor response element 2. In addition, NFAT can bind RNA and is an essential component for encapsidation and protein priming of hepatitis B viral polymerase. NFAT is a heterodimer of 45 kDa and 90 kDa proteins, the larger of which is the product of this gene. The encoded protein, which is primarily localized to ribosomes, probably regulates transcription at the level of mRNA elongation. At least three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

BCL2L1 encodes a protein which belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. The proteins encoded by BCL2L1 are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The proteins encoded by this gene are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported. The longer isoform acts as an apoptotic inhibitor and the shorter form acts as an apoptotic activator.

Supplier: Prosci

Essential proto-oncogenic transcriptional regulator necessary for development and differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. Transcriptional repressor or activator depending on both promoter and cell type context; represses promoter activity of SOCS1 and SOCS3 and thus, may regulate cytokine signaling pathways. Cooperates with GATA1 to repress target gene transcription, such as the apoptosis regulator BCL2L1; GFI1B silencing in leukemic cell lines markedly increase apoptosis rate. Inhibits down-regulation of MYC and MYB as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A/P21WAF1 in IL6-treated myelomonocytic cells. Represses expression of GATA3 in T-cell lymphomas and inhibits GATA1-mediated transcription; as GATA1 also mediates erythroid GFI1B transcription, both GATA1 and GFI1B participate in a feedback regulatory pathway controlling the expression of GFI1B gene in erythroid cells. Suppresses GATA1-mediated stimulation of GFI1B promoter through protein interaction. Binds to gamma-satellite DNA and to its own promoter, auto-repressing its own expression. Alters histone methylation by recruiting histone methyltransferase to target genes promoters. Plays a role in heterochromatin formation.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes an intra-cytoplasmic marker antigen which shows a very high degree of specificity for plasma cells. This marker protein is present in normal as well as neoplastic plasma cells. Plasma cells, which are large lymphocytes derived from an antigen-specific B cell, secrete antibodies and are responsible for humoral immunity. Plasma cells differentiate from B cells upon stimulation by CD4+ lymphocytes. The B cell acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC), consuming an offending pathogen, which is taken up by the B cell by phagocytosis and broken down within proteosomes. Plasma cells contain basophilic cytoplasm; their nucleus contains heterochromatin organized in a characteristic cartwheel arrangement. This marker antibody superbly recognizes normal and neoplastic plasma cells in routine formalin/paraffin tissue sections. It is of potential value in identifying myeloma or plasmacytoma in bone marrow or other tissues. It also helps differentiate lympho-plasmacytoid lymphoma from lymphocytic and follicular lymphoma. Note that this plasma cell marker antibody is not suitable for staining frozen tissues.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody is specific for a 53kDa protein, which is identified as p53 suppressor gene product. It reacts with the mutant as well as the wild form of p53 under denaturing and non-denaturing conditions. The antibody epitope maps within the N-terminus (aa 20-25) of p53 oncoprotein. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene expressed in a wide variety of tissue types and is involved in regulating cell growth, replication, and apoptosis. It binds to MDM2, SV40 T antigen and human papilloma virus E6 protein. Positive nuclear staining with p53 antibody has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, colorectal, and urothelial carcinoma. antibody to p53 positivity has also been used to differentiate uterine serous carcinoma from endometrioid carcinoma as well as to detect intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Mutations involving p53 are found in a wide variety of malignant tumors, including breast, ovarian, bladder, colon, lung, and melanoma.

Supplier: Prosci

Mucin-1 is a large cell surface mucin glycoprotein expressed by most glandular and ductal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cell lineages. It is expressed on most secretory epithelium, including mammary gland and some hematopoietic cells. It is expressed abundantly in lactating mammary glands and over expressed in >90% breast carcinomas and metastases. The transgenic protein has been shown to associate with all four c-erbB receptors and localize with c-erbB1 (EGFR) in lactating glands. The gene contains seven exons and produces several different alternatively spliced variants. The major expressed form of the protein uses all seven exons and is a type 1 transmembrane protein with a large extracellular tandem repeat domain. The tandem repeat domain is highly O glycosylated and alterations in glycosylation have been shown in epithelial cancer cells. Mucin-1 antibody is useful as a pan-epithelial marker for detecting early metastatic loci of carcinoma in bone marrow or liver.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 53kDa protein, which is identified as p53 suppressor gene product. It reacts with the mutant as well as the wild form of p53. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene expressed in a wide variety of tissue types and is involved in regulating cell growth, replication, and apoptosis. It binds to MDM2, SV40 T antigen and human papilloma virus E6 protein. Positive nuclear staining with p53 antibody has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, colorectal, and urothelial carcinoma. Anti-p53 positivity has also been used to differentiate uterine serous carcinoma from endometrioid carcinoma as well as to detect intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Mutations involving p53 are found in a wide variety of malignant tumors, including breast, ovarian, bladder, colon, lung, and melanoma.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb reacts with a 58kDa protein identified as vimentin. It shows no cross-reaction with other closely related intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) such as desmin, keratin, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acid protein. Anti-vimentin alone is of limited value as a diagnostic tool; however, when used in panels with other antibodies, it is useful for the sub-classification of a given tumor. Expression of vimentin, when used in conjunction with anti-keratin, is helpful when distinguishing melanomas from undifferentiated carcinomas and large cell lymphomas. All melanomas and Schwannomas react strongly with anti-vimentin. It labels a variety of mesenchymal cells, including melanocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Non-reactivity of anti-vimentin is often considered more useful than its positive reactivity, since there are a few tumors that do not contain vimentin, e.g. hepatoma and seminoma. Anti-vimentin is also useful as a tissue process control reagent.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200kDa, identified as different members of the CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This antibody does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The antibody shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). CEA antibody positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Prosci

It recognizes an intra-cytoplasmic antigen, which shows a very high degree of specificity for plasma cells. This antigen is present in normal as well as neoplastic plasma cells. Plasma cells, which are large lymphocytes derived from an antigen-specific B cell, secrete antibodies and are responsible for humoral immunity. Plasma cells differentiate from B cells upon stimulation by CD4+ lymphocytes. The B cell acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC), consuming an offending pathogen, which is taken up by the B cell by phagocytosis and broken down within proteosomes. Plasma cells contain basophilic cytoplasm; their nucleus contains heterochromatin organized in a characteristic cartwheel arrangement. This mAb superbly recognizes normal and neoplastic plasma cells in routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It is of potential value in identifying myeloma or plasmacytoma in bone marrow or other tissues. It also helps differentiate lympho-plasmacytoid lymphoma from lymphocytic and follicular lymphoma.

Supplier: Prosci

A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with RituximAb (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the cytoplasm of mature granulocytes. It shows no reactivity with any other cell types. Markers of myeloid cells are useful in the identification of different levels of cellular differentiation. It reacts with early precursor and mature forms of myeloid cells. It is useful for the detection of myeloid leukemias and granulocytic sarcomas. It can be used as a marker of granulocytes in normal tissues or inflammatory processes.G-CSF is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences differentiation, proliferation and activation of the neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. The human G-CSF cDNA encodes a 207 amino acid precursor containing a 29 amino acid signal peptide that is proteolytically cleaved to form a 178 amino acid residue mature protein. Two G-CSF's, which are identical except for a three amino acid deletion in the amino-terminus of one form of the protein have been isolated from human cells. Murine and human G-CSF's share 73% sequence identity at the amino acid level.

Supplier: Prosci

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. HIST2H2AC is a member of the histone H2A family.Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. RPL13 is a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L13E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is expressed at significantly higher levels in benign breast lesions than in breast carcinomas.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L13E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is expressed at significantly higher levels in benign breast lesions than in breast carcinomas. Transcript variants derived from alternative splicing and/or alternative polyadenylation exist; these variants encode the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Supplier: Invitrogen

The Thermo Scientific™ Pierce™ Antibody Biotinylation Kit for IP provides biotinylation reagents designed specifically for the labeling of primary antibodies used in immunoprecipitation applications.Optimized for IP—reagents and protocols developed specifically to address antibody labeling for immunoprecipitation applicationsEasy to use—kit configuration specifically optimized to accommodate 50–200 µg of antibody in a 100 µL reaction; desalting columns are provided to remove excess biotinylation reagent after labelingAmine reactive—reacts with primary amines (-NH2) of antibodiesEnhanced solubility—pegylation improves water solubility of the biotinylated antibody and prevents aggregation upon storageReduced steric hindrance—longer spacer arm (29 angstroms) minimize steric hindrance when binding to avidin moleculesThe Pierce Antibody Biotinylation Kit reagents have been optimized and validated to biotin label antibodies for IP and co-IP reactions

Supplier: Prosci

PCDHAC2 is a potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. It may be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined.

Supplier: Prosci

Oncostatin M is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines. Functional receptors for IL6 family cytokines are multisubunit complexes involving members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Many IL6 cytokines utilize gp130 as a common receptor subunit. OSM binds to the gp130 receptor subunit and, in association with the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, induces a proliferative response in permissive cells. OSMR is an alternative subunit (for an OSM receptor complex (a heterodimer of gp130 and OSMR) that is activated by OSM but not by LIF.Oncostatin M is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines. Functional receptors for IL6 family cytokines are multisubunit complexes involving members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Many IL6 cytokines utilize gp130 as a common receptor subunit. OSM binds to the gp130 receptor subunit and, in association with the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, induces a proliferative response in permissive cells. OSMR is an alternative subunit (for an OSM receptor complex (a heterodimer of gp130 and OSMR) that is activated by OSM but not by LIF. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

PHOX2A contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. PHOX2A has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene.The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. The encoded protein has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

CDH16 is a member of the cadherin superfamily, which are calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. CDH16 consists of an extracellular domain containing 6 cadherin domains, a transmembrane region and a truncated cytoplasmic domain but lacks the prosequence and tripeptide HAV adhesion recognition sequence typical of most classical cadherins. Expression is exclusively in kidney, where the protein functions as the principal mediator of homotypic cellular recognition, playing a role in the morphogenic direction of tissue development.This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily, genes encoding calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. Mapped to a previously identified cluster of cadherin genes on chromosome 16q22.1, the gene localizes with superfamily members CDH1, CDH3, CDH5, CDH8 and CDH11. The protein consists of an extracellular domain containing 6 cadherin domains, a transmembrane region and a truncated cytoplasmic domain but lacks the prosequence and tripeptide HAV adhesion recognition sequence typical of most classical cadherins. Expression is exclusively in kidney, where the protein functions as the principal mediator of homotypic cellular recognition, playing a role in the morphogenic direction of tissue development. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

PPAP2A is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and has been shown to be a surface enzyme that plays an active role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. The expression of PPAP2A is found to be regulated by androgen in a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and has been shown to be a surface enzyme that plays an active role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. The expression of this gene is found to be regulated by androgen in a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line. At least two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Prosci

FBXO4 is a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. FBXO4 belongs to the Fbxs class.This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants.

Supplier: Prosci

HLA-F belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. It is a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain anchored in the membrane. Unlike most other HLA heavy chains, this molecule is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with a small amount present at the cell surface in some cell types. It contains a divergent peptide-binding groove, and is thought to bind a restricted subset of peptides for immune presentation. This gene belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. It encodes a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain anchored in the membrane. Unlike most other HLA heavy chains, this molecule is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with a small amount present at the cell surface in some cell types. It contains a divergent peptide-binding groove, and is thought to bind a restricted subset of peptides for immune presentation. This gene exhibits few polymorphisms. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. These variants lack a coding exon found in transcripts from other HLA paralogues due to an altered splice acceptor site, resulting in a shorter cytoplasmic domain.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromosomal protein HMG14 (HMGN1) and its close analog HMG17 (MIM 163910) bind to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA, potentially altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. The 2 proteins may be involved in the process that maintains transcribable genes in a unique chromatin conformation. Their ubiquitous distribution and relative abundance, as well as the high evolutionary conservation of the DNA-binding domain of the HMG14 family of proteins, suggest that they may be involved in an important cellular function.Chromosomal protein HMG14 and its close analog HMG17 (MIM 163910) bind to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA, potentially altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. The 2 proteins may be involved in the process that maintains transcribable genes in a unique chromatin conformation. Their ubiquitous distribution and relative abundance, as well as the high evolutionary conservation of the DNA-binding domain of the HMG14 family of proteins, suggest that they may be involved in an important cellular function.[supplied by OMIM]. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.

Supplier: Prosci

PAX4 is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The paired box gene 4 is involved in pancreatic islet development and mouse studies have demonstrated a role for this gene in differentiation of insulin-producing.- cells. This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The paired box 4 gene is involved in pancreatic islet development and mouse studies have demonstrated a role for this gene in differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells. Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and genomic sequence data because transcript sequence consistent with the reference genome assembly was not available for all regions of the RefSeq transcript. The extent of this transcript is supported by transcript alignments.