1103 Results for: "protein purification system"

Supplier: Proteintech

In immune system, Hlx is a Th1-special transcription factor that interacts specifically with T-bet, and synergistically they promote IFN-γ expression when co-expressed. It can down-regulate the IL-4 receptor expression in naive CD4+ T cells . Over expression of Hlx contributes ot the aberrant expression of IFN-γ in normal CD4+ T cells during the differentiation under Th2-polarizing conditions. In addition, Hlx is a negative regulator of IFN-γ production in NK cells and its inhibitory function is achieved at least in part through the proteasomal degradation of STAT4 .

Supplier: Proteintech

The M13 family has seven members, including ECEL1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1), one of the newest members. ECEL1 is expressed predominantly in the central nervous system. It has been proposed that the enzyme has a role in the nervous regulation of the respiratory system.It may contribute to the degradation of peptide hormones and be involved in the inactivation of neuronal peptides.It has 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing and 3 glycosylation sites.It can be detected a band of 95kDa in CHO cells by western blot because of the heavily glycosylated.

Supplier: Proteintech

POU3F2 belongs to a large family of transcription factors that bind to the octameric DNA sequence ATGCAAAT. It shares a highly homologous region that referred to as the POU domain. POU3F2 is a Class III POU genes that expressed predominantly in the central nervous system (CNS). It is likely that CNS-specific transcription factors such as these play an important role in mammalian neurogenesis by regulating their diverse patterns of gene expression. POU3F2 is required for maintaining neural cell differetiation and has a role in the production and positioning of neocortical neurons.

Supplier: Proteintech

Human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA), are encoded by genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). There are two classes of HLA antigens: class I (HLA-A, B and C) and class II (HLA-D). This class I molecules are polymorphic membrane glycoproteins composed of a heavy (alpha) chain (44 kDa) which is encoded by a HLA class I gene (HLA-A, B or C), and β2-microglobulin light (beta) chain (12 kDa). They are involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system.

Supplier: Proteintech

SRY-BOX 13(SOX13), identified a sequence homologous more than 60% to the SRY HMG box ,with a centrally located HMG box and an N-terminal leucine zipper motif with a neighboring glutamine stretch called a Q box. SOX13 binds to the consensus HMG-box motif. It's an IDDM-specific human autoantigen, and a gamma-delta-specific gene in the immune system. It can modulates Wnt/TCF activity. This is a rabbit polyclonal raised against part of N-terminal chain of SOX13 of human origin.

Supplier: Proteintech

SUZ12, also termed CHET9, JJAZ1 or KIAA0160, belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family. It is a polycomb group (PcG) protein. SUZ12 is a component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A. A chromosomal aberration involving SUZ12 may be a cause of endometrial stromal tumors.

Supplier: Proteintech

EPHA1, also named as EPH, EPHT and EPHT1, belongs to ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. Ligands in the ephrin-A subclass, including the prototype family member ephrin-A1 (B61), are membrane associated through glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol linkages, whereas ephrin-B subclass consists of ligands with transmembrane domains. The general role of the Eph family is in mediating repulsive cell-cell interaction.

Supplier: Bioss

Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjqgren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 or C4 complement deficiency (1). Ro/SSA is a ribonucleoprotein that binds to auto in 35 to 50% of patients with SLE and in up to 97% of patients with Sjqgren syndrome (2). The Ro/SSA particle consists of a single immunoreactive protein noncovalently bound with one of four small RNA molecules (2). Most anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera detect not only the main protein, but also a smaller Ro/SSA protein (2). The genes which encode the smaller and larger proteins map to human chromosomes 11p15.5 and 1q31, respectively (3?). La/SSB is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III was originally defined by its reactivity with auto from patients with Sjren syndrome and SLE (6).

Supplier: Proteintech

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in regulating inflammation, immune functions, host defense, and apoptosis . TNF exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. TNF signals through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNFR1 (TNFRSF1A, CD120a) and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B, CD120b). Whereas TNFR1 is widely expressed, expression of TNFR2 is limited to cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, and nerve cells . TNFR1, which contains a death domain (DD) within its intracytoplasmic region, is thought to be the key receptor for TNF signaling . This receptor can activate NF-kappaB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor.

Supplier: Proteintech

Human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA), are encoded by genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). There are two classes of HLA antigens: class I (HLA-A, B and C) and class II (HLA-D). This class I molecules are polymorphic membrane glycoproteins composed of a heavy (alpha) chain (44 kDa) which is encoded by a HLA class I gene (HLA-A, B or C), and β2-microglobulin light (beta) chain (12 kDa). They are involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system.

Supplier: Bioss

MHC Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. MHC class I antigens are heterodimers consisting of one alpha chain (44kDa) with beta 2 microglobulin (11.5 kDa). The antigen is expressed by all somatic cells at varying levels. MHC Class I molecules are expressed on most nucleated cells where they present endogenously synthesized antigenic peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are usually cytotoxic T cells. Fibroblasts or neurons however only show a low level of antigen.

Supplier: Proteintech

PRDX2, also named as TSA, PRP, NKEFB and TDPX1, belongs to the ahpC/TSA family. It is known to act as an antioxidant enzyme whose main function is H2O2 reduction in cells. PRDX2 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. It may play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. PRDX2 might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H2O2. PRDX2 actions may be related to the expression of NFKB and IKB.

Supplier: Bioss

C10orf27, also known as spatial, is a 351 amino acid cytoplasmic protein belonging to the spatial family. C10orf27 is suggested to play a role in spermatid differentiation. Existing as two alternatively spliced isoforms, C10orf27 is widely expressed in multiple tissues, including brain, thymus and testis. C10orf27 may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and pathogenesis. MS is an inflammatory disease that causes gradual destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. C10orf27 is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 10, which contains over 800 genes and 135 million nucleotides, making up nearly 4.5% of the human genome. PTEN is an important tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10 and, when defective, causes a genetic predisposition to cancer development known as Cowden syndrome.

Supplier: Proteintech

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in regulating inflammation, immune functions, host defense, and apoptosis . TNF exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. TNF signals through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNFR1 (TNFRSF1A, CD120a) and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B, CD120b). Whereas TNFR1 is widely expressed, expression of TNFR2 is limited to cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, and nerve cells . TNFR1, which contains a death domain (DD) within its intracytoplasmic region, is thought to be the key receptor for TNF signaling . This receptor can activate NF-kappaB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor.

Supplier: Proteintech

NeuroD is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors that are required for several aspects of development, including cell type determination, terminal differentiation and sex determination. Members of the myogenic determination family, MyoD, myf5, myogenin and MRF4, all have bHLH domains.These proteins function by forming heterodimers with E-proteins and binding to the canonical E-box sequence CANNTG. Neuro D is expressed transiently in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems at the time of their terminal differentiation into mature neurons. Moreover, ectopic expression of Neuro D in Xenopus embryos induces premature differentiation of neuronal precursors and Neuro D can convert presumptive epidermal cells into neurons.The lack of NeuroD in the brain results in severe defects in development. Human mutations have been linked to a number of types of diabetes including type I diabetes mellitus and maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

Supplier: Proteintech

Prion protein (PRNP) is a ubiquitous membrane glycoprotein whose abnormal self-replicating, misfolded form is widely believed to cause several central nervous system disorders, collectively known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE). Prion diseases are TSEs, attributed to conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal conformer that accumulates in the brain. The two isoforms, PrPC and PrPS, have the same primary amino acid sequence and only differ in conformation. While PrPC is composed of 42% α-helix and only 3% β-sheet, PrPSc is composed of 30% α-helix and 43% β-sheet. PrPC converts to its pathogenic isoform when the region corresponding to the residues 108-144 fold into β-sheets. PrPC is very soluble in detergents and easily digested by proteases while the PrPSc is insoluble in detergents and resistant to protease digestion. Prion diseases exist in infectious, sporadic, and genetic forms.

Supplier: Proteintech

CASR, also named as GPRC2A, PCAR1, belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family. Changes in extracellular calcium are thought to modulate a balance between proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types. The activity of CASR is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. It has been shown to play a major role in regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and subsequently influencing the calcium concentration of extracellular fluids. In normal primary keratinocytes and breast epithelial cells, proliferation is inhibited and elevated extracellular calcium levels trigger differentiation. Malignant transformations of these cell types are accompanied by a loss of responsiveness to the anti-proliferative effects of elevated extracellular calcium. Several disorders of calcium homeostasis have been linked to mutations in the CaSR. These include familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT), and autosomal dominant hypocalemia (ADHypo).

Supplier: Bioss

Defects in NOD2 are the cause of sarcoidosis early-onset (EOS) . EOS is a form of sarcoidosis manifesting in children younger than 4 years of age. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved. Early-onset sarcoidosis is quite rare and has a distinct triad of skin, joint and eye disorders, without apparent pulmonary involvement. Compared with an asymptomatic and sometimes naturally disappearing course of the disease in older children, early-onset sarcoidosis is progressive and in many cases causes severe complications, such as blindness, joint destruction and visceral involvement.

Supplier: Proteintech

Human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA), are encoded by genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). There are two classes of HLA antigens: class I (HLA-A, B and C) and class II (HLA-D). This class I molecules are polymorphic membrane glycoproteins composed of a heavy (alpha) chain (44 kDa) which is encoded by a HLA class I gene (HLA-A, B or C), and β2-microglobulin light (beta) chain (12 kDa). They are involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system.

Supplier: Proteintech

Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. GRIA2 (glutamate receptor 2, GluR-2) belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels that mediate the fast component of excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons of the central nervous system. These channels are assembled from 4 related subunits, GRIA1-4. The presence of GRIA2 in the heteromeric AMPA receptors impermeabilizes it to calcium, preventing possible calcium-mediated toxicity.

Supplier: Bioss

MHC Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. MHC class I antigens are heterodimers consisting of one alpha chain (44kDa) with beta 2 microglobulin (11.5 kDa). The antigen is expressed by all somatic cells at varying levels. MHC Class I molecules are expressed on most nucleated cells where they present endogenously synthesized antigenic peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are usually cytotoxic T cells. Fibroblasts or neurons however only show a low level of antigen.

Supplier: Proteintech

PMS2, also named as PMSL2, belongs to the DNA mismatch repair mutL/hexB family. It is a component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). It heterodimerizes with MLH1 to form MutL alpha. MulL alpha (MLH1-PMS2) interacts physically with the clamp loader subunits of DNA polymerase III, suggesting that it may play a role to recruit the DNA polymerase III to the site of the MMR. It also implicated in DNA damage signaling, a process which induces cell cycle arrest and can lead to apoptosis in case of major DNA damages. Defects in PMS2 are the cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer type 4 (HNPCC4). Defects in PMS2 are a cause of mismatch repair cancer syndrome (MMRCS).

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatibility complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf58 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf58 pending further characterization.

Supplier: Proteintech

RPTOR, also named as KIAA1303 and RAPTOR Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family. It is involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino-acids. Amino-acid-signaling to mTORC1 is mediated by Rag GTPases, which cause amino-acid-induced relocalization of mTOR within the endomembrane system. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. The antibody is specific to RPTOR.

Supplier: Proteintech

NDE1 (NUDE /NUDE1) is a LIS1-interacting protein. A signaling pathway containing NDE1, LIS1, and cytoplasmic dynein is conserved for eukaryotic nuclear migration and has profound impact on neuronal migration during development of the central nervous system. LIS1 and dynein have been shown to be involved in mitosis and NDE1 participates in a subset of dynein function in M phase. NDE1 is specifically phosphorylated in M phase in its serine/threonine phosphorylation motifs, probably by Cdc2 and also Erk1 and Erk2. A fraction of NDEl binds to centrosomes strongly in interphase and is localized to mitotic spindles in early M phase. Phosphorylation of NDE1 also regulates the cell-cycle-dependent distribution, possibly by increasing its dissociation rate at the microtubule-organizing center. This antibody is a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide mapping within human NDE1.

Supplier: Proteintech

PAX8 is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors, typically containing a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. It is expressed during organogenesis of the thyroid gland, kidney and Mullerian system. It is thought to regulate the expression of Wilms tumor suppressor (WT1) gene and mutations in PAX8 have been associated with Wilms tumor cells, thyroid and ovarian carcinomas. PAX8 is a useful marker in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas from mammary carcinomas . PAX8 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, but only rarely in primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas.
PAX8 has 5 isoforms with calculated MW 31kd, 34kd, 41kd, 43kd and 48kd. And there is a 60kd band corresponding to the electrophoretic mobility of PAX8 .

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatibility complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf174 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf174 pending further characterization.

Supplier: Prosci

Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import have been identified in different systems. These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. KPNA2 also may play a role in V (D)J recombination.The import of proteins into the nucleus is a process that involves at least 2 steps. The first is an energy-independent docking of the protein to the nuclear envelope and the second is an energy-dependent translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import have been identified in different systems. These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. KPNA2 also may play a role in V (D)J recombination. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatibility complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf62 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf62 pending further characterization.

Supplier: Proteintech

Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases. Kininogen 1 plays important role in Kinin-kallikrein system. This gene is translated into High-molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low-molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) after alternative splicing. HMWK is produced by the liver together with prekallikrein. It acts mainly as a cofactor on coagulation and inflammation, and has no intrinsic catalytic activity. LMWK is produced locally by numerous tissues, and secreted together with tissue kallikrein. 11926-1-AP was generated against N-terminal 300 aa of HMW kininogen. It can bind both HMW and LMW kiniogen.