1103 Results for: "protein purification system"

Supplier: Proteintech

MPZ (myelin protein zero), also known as P0, a transmembrane glycoprotein (~30 kDa), is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. Synthesized by myelin-forming Schwann cells, MPZ is the major structural protein component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. It is involved in formation and maintenance of compact myelin, and plays a role in the creation of an extracellular membrane face which guides the wrapping process and ultimately compacts adjacent lamellae. More than 120 mutations detected in the gene of MPZ cause various forms of hereditary neuropathy, which include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B (CMT1B), CMT2, Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS), and congenital hypomyelination neuropathy (CHN). This antibody can recognize endogenous MPZ, and can be used as a marker of myelinating Schwann cells.

Supplier: Proteintech

PAX3, a transcription factor and multifunctional regulatory protein, is normally expressed during embryonic development. In the nervous system, PAX3 is involved in neural tube closure, neural crest development, and peripheral neuron differentiation. In the present study, PAX3 was reported as a novel regulator of GFAP transcription, and the overexpression and suppression of PAX3 could inhibit and promote NSC differentiation, respectively. In muscle development, PAX3 ensures the survival of myogenic progenitor cells with Pax3-expressing progenitors giving rise to both skeletal and smooth muscle cells. PAX3 also has a well-established role in the development of melanocytes during embryogenesis, and has recently been characterized as a molecular switch in the mature melanocyte. Mutations in PAX3 can cause Waardenburg syndrome.

Supplier: Proteintech

Paired receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors and are widely involved in the regulation of the immune system. Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) and PILRβ are paired receptors bearing highly similar extracellular ligand-binding domains but divergent intracellular signaling domains. PILRα is the immune inhibitory receptor possessing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain enabling it to deliver inhibitory signals. Binding of PILRα to its ligand CD99 is involved in immune regulation. PILRα can also recognize other ligands, PILR-associating neural protein (PANP), and HSV-1 glycoprotein B (HSV-1 gB).

Supplier: Proteintech

GNRHR, also named as GRHR, belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. GNRHR is a receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that mediates the action of GnRH to stimulate the secretion of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It mediates its action by association with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Isoform2 of GNRHR may act as an inhibitor of GnRH-R signaling. Defects in GNRHR are a cause of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Defects in GNRHR are a cause of fertile eunuch syndrome. The antibody only recognizes the isoform1 of GNRHR. The predicted unmodified molecular weight of the human GNRHR is ~38 kDa, the larger band (50-60 kDa) is likely to represent a glycosylated form of GNRHR.

Supplier: Proteintech

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of ligand-gated ion channels. This receptor has important roles in a variety of physiological processes, especially in mediating inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brain stem. GlyR is a pentameric receptor comprised of alpha and beta subunits. Four alpha-subunits (GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, GLRA4) and one beta-subunit (GLRB) of GlyR have been identified.

Supplier: Proteintech

KHDRBS1, also named as SAM68, p62and p68, belongs to the KHDRBS family. It is recruited and tyrosine phosphorylated by several receptor systems, for example the T-cell, leptin and insulin receptors. Once phosphorylated, KHDRBS1 functions as an adapter protein in signal transduction cascades by binding to SH2 and SH3 domain-containing proteins. It represses CBP-dependent transcriptional activation apparently by competing with other nuclear factors for binding to CBP. KHDRBS1 also acts as a putative regulator of mRNA stability and/or translation rates and mediates mRNA nuclear export. KHDRBS1 has three isoforms with calculated MW of 44-48kd. For isoform with a calculated MW of 48.2 kD, it migrated as a 68kD protein on SDS-PAGE gels. This ia a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against residues near the N terminus of human KHDRBS1.

Supplier: Prosci

4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) is responsible for catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important, mostly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, into succinic semialdehyde. The active enzyme is a homodimer of 50-kD subunits complexed to pyridoxal-5-phosphate. ABAT in liver and brain is controlled by 2 codominant alleles with a frequency in a Caucasian population of 0.56 and 0.44. The ABAT deficiency phenotype includes psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, lethargy, refractory seizures, and EEG abnormalities.4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) is responsible for catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important, mostly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, into succinic semialdehyde. The active enzyme is a homodimer of 50-kD subunits complexed to pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The protein sequence is over 95% similar to the pig protein. GABA is estimated to be present in nearly one-third of human synapses. ABAT in liver and brain is controlled by 2 codominant alleles with a frequency in a Caucasian population of 0.56 and 0.44. The ABAT deficiency phenotype includes psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, lethargy, refractory seizures, and EEG abnormalities. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Bioss

May function as an adapter linking the Par3 complex to the GPSM1/GPSM2 complex. Involved in spindle orientation during mitosis it may regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing nervous system. May play a role in the asymmetric division of fibroblasts and participate in the process of stratification of the squamous epithelium.Tissue specificity:Isoform 1 is expressed in various tissues with stronger expression in liver, kidney and small intestine. Isoform 2 is abundantly expressed in small intestine and to a lower extent in lung and pancreas.

Supplier: Proteintech

ATP6V1D is also named as ATP6M, VATD(V-type proton ATPase subunit D) and belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family. ATP6V1D gene has been under strong negative selection during evolution and is highly conserved among mammals, flies, worms, yeast, plants, and bacteria. It is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells, thus providing most of the energy required for transport processes in the vacuolar system.

Supplier: Proteintech

Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) was first cloned as a PKC-binding partner through yeast two hybrid system. PICK1 acts as a critical regulator of membrane receptors’ subcellular trafficking to modulate neural processes such as learning and memory, and is widely expressed in brain, testis, heart, lung, liver, kidney and muscle. It probably binds to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence, for instance, PICK1 is a critical mediator of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in neural synapses. PICK1 expression on D-serine release and glutamate transport in astrocytes suggests a potential implication of PICK1 in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PICK1 may also participate in breast cancer development through inhibition of TGF-β signaling.

Supplier: Proteintech

IFITM2, also named as 1-8D, belongs to the CD225 family. It is an IFN-induced antiviral protein that mediates cellular innate immunity to at least three major human pathogens, namely influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus (WNV), and dengue virus , by inhibiting the early steps of replication. IFITM2 induces cell cycle arrest and mediates apoptosis by caspase activation and in p53-independent manner. It is overexpressed in colon carcinoma. IFITM2 is a novel pro-apoptotic gene that will provide new insights into the regulated cellular pathways to death. IFITM proteins are recently identified as viral restriction factors that inhibit infection mediated by the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Also they serve as important components of the innate immune system to restrict HIV-1 infection. Catalog#12769-1-AP is a rabbit polyclonal antibody produced with full-length of human IFITM2.

Supplier: Bioss

Chromosome 16 encodes over 900 genes in approximately 90 million base pairs, makes up nearly 3% of human cellular DNA and is associated with a variety of genetic disorders. The GAN gene is located on chromosome 16 and, with mutation, may lead to giant axonal neuropathy, a nervous system disorder characterized by increasing malfunction with growth. The rare disorder Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is also associated with chromosome 16, though through the CREBBP gene which encodes a critical CREB binding protein. Signs of Rubinstein-Taybi include mental retardation and predisposition to tumor growth and white blood cell neoplasias. Crohn's disease is a gastrointestinal inflammatory condition associated with chromosome 16 through the NOD2 gene. An association with systemic lupus erythematosis and a number of other autoimmune disorders with the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16 has led to the identification of SLC5A11 as a potential autoimmune modifier. The FAM96B gene product has been provisionally designated FAM96B pending further characterization.

Supplier: Proteintech

COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an ess ential regulator of the ubiquitin conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2. CSN4 gene encodes a component of CSN complex, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 4 (COPS4). The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in the rhythmic accumulation and turnover of molecular clock components. A recent study in Drosophila indicates that CSN lie in a common pathway leading to light-dependent degradation of clock protein Timeless (TIM).

Supplier: Bioss

LMBR1 is a 490 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that is widely expressed with strongest expression in heart and pancreas. Belonging to the LIMR family, LMBR1 shares 95% sequence identity with the mouse protein and may play crucial role in the evolution of limb and skeletal system. LMBR1 is critical for expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the developing posterior limb bud mesenchyme. Mutations in the gene encoding LMBR1 is the cause of several rare conditions such as acheiropody (ACHP) and syndactyly type 4 (SDYT4). ACHP is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by bilateral congenital amputations of the hands and feet. LMBR1L (limb region 1 protein homolog-like), also known as LIMR (Lipocalin-1-interacting membrane receptor), is a 489 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that is thought to act as a receptor for Lipocalin-1 and may also assist in its endocytosis.

Supplier: Bioss

Ro autoantigens are of clinical significance because directed against them are found in most patients with primary Sjqgren syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), neonatal lupus erythematosus, ANA-negative lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease secondary to homozygous C2 or C4 complement deficiency (1). Ro/SSA is a ribonucleoprotein that binds to auto in 35 to 50% of patients with SLE and in up to 97% of patients with Sjqgren syndrome (2). The Ro/SSA particle consists of a single immunoreactive protein noncovalently bound with one of four small RNA molecules (2). Most anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera detect not only the main protein, but also a smaller Ro/SSA protein (2). The genes which encode the smaller and larger proteins map to human chromosomes 11p15.5 and 1q31, respectively (3?). La/SSB is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III was originally defined by its reactivity with auto from patients with Sjren syndrome and SLE (6).

Supplier: Proteintech

NINJ2 (Ninjurin2) is a member of the ninjurin family of adhesion molecules which mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions during development, differentiation, and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system. The gene encodes NINJ2 is located on chromosome 12p13. NINJ2 mRNA is widely expressed in adult human tissues, with highest level in bone marrow, followed by peripheral leukocytes, lung, and lymph nodes. In the peripheral nervous system, NINJ2 is expressed constitutively in mature sensory and enteric neurons. The expression of NINJ2 is upregulated after nerve injury in Schwann cells, suggesting that it may promote nerve regeneration. It may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorder.

Supplier: Bioss

Chromosome 16 encodes over 900 genes in approximately 90 million base pairs, makes up nearly 3% of human cellular DNA and is associated with a variety of genetic disorders. The GAN gene is located on chromosome 16 and, with mutation, may lead to giant axonal neuropathy, a nervous system disorder characterized by increasing malfunction with growth. The rare disorder Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is also associated with chromosome 16, though through the CREBBP gene which encodes a critical CREB binding protein. Signs of Rubinstein-Taybi include mental retardation and predisposition to tumor growth and white blood cell neoplasias. Crohn's disease is a gastrointestinal inflammatory condition associated with chromosome 16 through the NOD2 gene. An association with systemic lupus erythematosis and a number of other autoimmune disorders with the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16 has led to the identification of SLC5A11 as a potential autoimmune modifier. The C16orf72 gene product has been provisionally designated C16orf72 pending further characterization.

Supplier: Proteintech

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of ligand-gated ion channels. This receptor has important roles in a variety of physiological processes, especially in mediating inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brain stem. GlyR is a pentameric receptor comprised of alpha and beta subunits. Four alpha-subunits (GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, GLRA4) and one beta-subunit (GLRB) of GlyR have been identified.

Supplier: Proteintech

NR2F6 belongs to NR2F subfamily members, which have their roles in the regulation of neurogenesis, organogenesis, and cellular differentiation during embryonic development . NR2F6 acts as transcription factor by binding to a TGACCT direct-repeat motif and has been established in controlling facets of central nervous system (CNS) [12690040]. It is a nuclear attenuator that directly interferes with DNA binding of NF-AT and, subsequently, transcriptional activity of the NF-AT-dependent IL-17 expression. Otherwise, NR2F6 negatively interfered with transcriptional cytokine responses and acted as a barrier against autoimmunity .

Supplier: Proteintech

Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (rPTPσ) are cell surface receptors important for nervous system development, function, and repair.The expression ofrPTPσ has previously been reported in b-cells and other target organs for insulin although the probes chosen did not permit to distinguish between the splice variants.Proteolytic processing near the transmembrane domain generates an extracellular N-terminal E-domain of 130 kDa and a C-terminal P-domain of approximately 85 kDa of rPTPσ,and the short splice variants rPTPσ 3 and 4contain an E-domain of 95 kDa. rPTPσ expression was observed in tissue lysates of the adult mouse sensory-motor cortex and thoracic spinal cord (T8-T10) as a 75–80kDa immunoreactive band.

Supplier: Proteintech

NR6A1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6 Group A member), also known as GCNF (Germ Cell Nuclear Factor), is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily. It has been shown to be expressed in the nervous system during development and during specific stages in maturing germ cells of the ovary and testis in the adult, and has probable roles in gametogenesis, neurogenesis, and normal embryonic development during gastrulation. Inactivation of GCNF in mouse results in abnormal posterior development, impaired midbrain development, insufficient closure of the neural tube, and eventual embryonic death. GCNF has been shown to be a repressor of OCT-4 and of the protamine genes and plays a critical role in the control of gene expression during embryogenesis and spermatogenesis. This antibody specifically reacts with the 55kd NR6A1 protein.

Supplier: Bioss

C10orf27, also known as spatial, is a 351 amino acid cytoplasmic protein belonging to the spatial family. C10orf27 is suggested to play a role in spermatid differentiation. Existing as two alternatively spliced isoforms, C10orf27 is widely expressed in multiple tissues, including brain, thymus and testis. C10orf27 may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and pathogenesis. MS is an inflammatory disease that causes gradual destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. C10orf27 is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 10, which contains over 800 genes and 135 million nucleotides, making up nearly 4.5% of the human genome. PTEN is an important tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10 and, when defective, causes a genetic predisposition to cancer development known as Cowden syndrome.

Supplier: Proteintech

SUZ12, also termed CHET9, JJAZ1 or KIAA0160, belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family. It is a polycomb group (PcG) protein. SUZ12 is a component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A. A chromosomal aberration involving SUZ12 may be a cause of endometrial stromal tumors.

Supplier: Proteintech

POU3F2 belongs to a large family of transcription factors that bind to the octameric DNA sequence ATGCAAAT. It shares a highly homologous region that referred to as the POU domain. POU3F2 is a Class III POU genes that expressed predominantly in the central nervous system (CNS). It is likely that CNS-specific transcription factors such as these play an important role in mammalian neurogenesis by regulating their diverse patterns of gene expression. POU3F2 is required for maintaining neural cell differetiation and has a role in the production and positioning of neocortical neurons.

Supplier: Proteintech

Human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA), are encoded by genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). There are two classes of HLA antigens: class I (HLA-A, B and C) and class II (HLA-D). This class I molecules are polymorphic membrane glycoproteins composed of a heavy (alpha) chain (44 kDa) which is encoded by a HLA class I gene (HLA-A, B or C), and β2-microglobulin light (beta) chain (12 kDa). They are involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system.

Supplier: Proteintech

SRY-BOX 13(SOX13), identified a sequence homologous more than 60% to the SRY HMG box ,with a centrally located HMG box and an N-terminal leucine zipper motif with a neighboring glutamine stretch called a Q box. SOX13 binds to the consensus HMG-box motif. It's an IDDM-specific human autoantigen, and a gamma-delta-specific gene in the immune system. It can modulates Wnt/TCF activity. This is a rabbit polyclonal raised against part of N-terminal chain of SOX13 of human origin.

Supplier: Proteintech

CTSB(Cathepsin B) is also named as CPSB and belongs to the peptidase C1 family. It participates in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins. Cathepsin B precursors found in human malignant ascites fluid do not possess mannose-rich carbohydrates suggesting that a defect in the post translational processing of carbohydrate moieties on tumor cathepsin B may be responsible for the release of cathepsin B observed in many tumor systems. Cathepsin B exists as both glycosylated and unglycosylated forms. In rat macrophages and hepatocytes pro- cathepsin B is 39 kDa (unglycosylated =35 kDa), whereas in human fibroblasts procathepsin B is 44.5-46kDa (unglycosylated=39kDa). It can be detected the 43 kDa form of pro-CTSB, 31 kDa and 25 kDa marure forms in mouse brain by western blot.

Supplier: Proteintech

RNLS, also named as Renalase, C10orf59 and MAO-C, belongs to the renalase family. It is probable FAD-dependent amine oxidase secreted by the kidney, which circulates in blood and modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure. RNLS degrades catecholamines such as dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in vitro. It lowers blood pressure in vivo by decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate and preventing a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone, suggesting a causal link to the increased plasma catecholamine and heightened cardiovascular risk. High concentrations of catecholamines activate plasma renalase and promotes its secretion and synthesis. RNLS has physiologically relevant catecholamine-oxidizing activity. This antibody is specific to RNLS.

Supplier: Proteintech

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in regulating inflammation, immune functions, host defense, and apoptosis . TNF exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. TNF signals through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNFR1 (TNFRSF1A, CD120a) and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B, CD120b). Whereas TNFR1 is widely expressed, expression of TNFR2 is limited to cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, and nerve cells . TNFR1, which contains a death domain (DD) within its intracytoplasmic region, is thought to be the key receptor for TNF signaling . This receptor can activate NF-kappaB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor.

Supplier: Proteintech

NeuroD is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors that are required for several aspects of development, including cell type determination, terminal differentiation and sex determination. Members of the myogenic determination family, MyoD, myf5, myogenin and MRF4, all have bHLH domains.These proteins function by forming heterodimers with E-proteins and binding to the canonical E-box sequence CANNTG. Neuro D is expressed transiently in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems at the time of their terminal differentiation into mature neurons. Moreover, ectopic expression of Neuro D in Xenopus embryos induces premature differentiation of neuronal precursors and Neuro D can convert presumptive epidermal cells into neurons.The lack of NeuroD in the brain results in severe defects in development. Human mutations have been linked to a number of types of diabetes including type I diabetes mellitus and maturity-onset diabetes of the young.