59122 Results for: "gc-gas-chromatography"

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RHBDL2 is a member of the rhomboid family of integral membrane proteins. This family contains proteins that are related to Drosophila rhomboid protein. Members of this family are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are thought to function as intramembrane serine proteases. RHBDL2 is thought to release soluble growth factors by proteolytic cleavage of certain membrane-bound substrates, including ephrin B2 and ephrin B3.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the rhomboid family of integral membrane proteins. This family contains proteins that are related to Drosophila rhomboid protein. Members of this family are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are thought to function as intramembrane serine proteases. The encoded protein is thought to release soluble growth factors by proteolytic cleavage of certain membrane-bound substrates, including ephrin B2 and ephrin B3.

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YWHAZ belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity.This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Two transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been identified for this gene.

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PRDX6 is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family. This protein is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. It is involved in redox regulation of the cell; it can reduce H (2)O (2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. It may play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family. This protein is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. It is involved in redox regulation of the cell; it can reduce H (2)O (2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. It may play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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ENO3 is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in skeletal muscle cells in the adult. A switch from alpha enolase to beta enolase occurs in muscle tissue during development in rodents. Mutations in ENO3 gene can be associated with metabolic myopathies that may result from decreased stability of the enzyme.This gene encodes one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in skeletal muscle cells in the adult. A switch from alpha enolase to beta enolase occurs in muscle tissue during development in rodents. Mutations in this gene can be associated with metabolic myopathies that may result from decreased stability of the enzyme. Two transcripts have been identified for this gene that differ only in their 5' UTR.

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FKBP8 is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. Unlike the other members of the family, it does not seem to have PPIase/rotamase activity. It may have a role in neurons associated with memory function.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. Unlike the other members of the family, this encoded protein does not seem to have PPIase/rotamase activity. It may have a role in neurons associated with memory function. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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Iterleukin 7 is a lymphoid cell growth factor that affects pre-B, pro-B, and early T cells. IL-7 was previously known as pre-B cell growth factor and lymphopoietin 1. IL-7 supports the growth of early B cells from long-term lymphoid bone marrow cultures. It is mitogenic to thymocytes and enhances the response of cells to other stimuli such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA). IL-7 stimulates the proliferation of CD4+/CD8+ cells.

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Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.

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IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

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NCKAP1L is a member of the HEM family of tissue-specific transmembrane proteins which are highly conserved from invertebrates through mammals. This gene is only expressed in hematopoietic cells, while hematopoietic protein 2 is preferentially expressed in brain, heart, liver and testis. The function of the HEM1 product has not been established but it is thought to play an essential role in oogenesis.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the HEM family of tissue-specific transmembrane proteins which are highly conserved from invertebrates through mammals. This gene is only expressed in hematopoietic cells, while hematopoietic protein 2 is preferentially expressed in brain, heart, liver and testis. The function of the HEM1 product has not been established but it is thought to play an essential role in oogenesis.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine and other catecholamines. TH functions as a tetramer, with each subunit composed of a regulatory and catalytic domain, and exists in several different isoforms. This enzyme is required for embryonic development since TH knockout mice die before or at birth. Levels of transcription, translation and posttranslational modification regulate TH activity. The amino-terminal regulatory domain contains three serine residues: Ser9, Ser31 and Ser40. Phosphorylation at Ser40 by PKA positively regulates the catalytic activity of TH. Phosphorylation at Ser31 by CDK5 also increases the catalytic activity of TH through stabilization of TH protein levels.

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NF-κ-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-κ-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively.

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EEF1G is a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit contains an N-terminal glutathione transferase domain, which may be involved in regulating the assembly of multisubunit complexes containing this elongation factor and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.This gene encodes a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit contains an N-terminal glutathione transferase domain, which may be involved in regulating the assembly of multisubunit complexes containing this elongation factor and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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Involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle and in DNA repair. Central component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Involved in DNA repair via its interaction with BRCA1 and its related phosphorylation by ATM, or via its phosphorylation by ATR. Works as a downstream effector both in the ATM/NBS1 branch and in the ATR/MSH2 branch of S-phase checkpoint.

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ST8SIA4 catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). ST8SIA4, a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus.The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

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ZFP36L2 is a member of the TIS11 family of early response genes. Family members are induced by various agonists such as the phorbol ester TPA and the polypeptide mitogen EGF. The encoded protein contains a distinguishing putative zinc finger domain with a repeating cys-his motif. This putative nuclear transcription factor most likely functions in regulating the response to growth factors.This gene is a member of the TIS11 family of early response genes. Family members are induced by various agonists such as the phorbol ester TPA and the polypeptide mitogen EGF. The encoded protein contains a distinguishing putative zinc finger domain with a repeating cys-his motif. This putative nuclear transcription factor most likely functions in regulating the response to growth factors.

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ApoM(apolipoprotein M,also designated G3a or NG20),with 188-amino acid protein(about 21 kDa),is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family.The Apo-proteins are involved in the specific binding of cellular receptors, the regulation of lipolytic enzymes, and the process of lipid exchange. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport.The N-terminal region of Apo-M contains hydrophobic residues that may promote association with the phospholipid layer of lipoprotein particles. In vitro,Apo-M is glycosylated when translated in the presence of microsomes, and remains associated with the microsomes after carbonate treatment.Apo-M is expressed in liver and kidney, and is secreted into the bloodstream in HDLs,and also found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDLs.

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Acts as a suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by specifically binding the precursor let-7 (pre-let-7), a miRNA precursor. Acts by binding pre-let-7 and recruiting ZCCHC11/TUT4 uridylyltransferase, leading to the terminal uridylation of pre-let-7. Uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs fail to be processed by Dicer and undergo degradation. Specifically recognizes the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop of pre-let-7. Also recognizes and binds non pre-let-7 pre-miRNAs that contain the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop, leading to their terminal uridylation and subsequent degradation. Mediates MYC-mediated let-7 repression. Isoform 1, when overexpressed, stimulates growth of the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. Isoform 2 has no effect on cell growth.

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RRAS2 Antibody: Activating mutations and overexpression of classical Ras subfamily members (K-RAS, N-RAS and H-RAS) have been widely investigated as key events in the development of human cancers. The RRAS subfamily of Ras-related proteins includes RRAS1, RRAS2 (TC21) and RRAS3 (M-Ras) show overall amino acid identity with the classical Ras subfamily (H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras) of 55–60%. RRAS2 is a small GTPbinding protein of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. It might transduce growth inhibitory signals across the cell membrane, exerting its effect through an effector shared with the Ras proteins. RRAS2 has high oncogenic potential and overexpression/mutations have been reported in several tumor tissues and cell lines.

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SncA is a member of the synuclein family of structurally related proteins that are prominently expressed in the central nervous system, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and SncA and Snc-Beta inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SncA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Aggregated SncA proteins form brain lesions that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Defects in SncA play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SncA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. SncA shares 95% sequence homology with rat SncA. Rat SncA is specifically expressed in brain and is associated with synaptosomal membranes in neurons

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SncA is a member of the synuclein family of structurally related proteins that are prominently expressed in the central nervous system, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and SncA and Snc-Beta inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SncA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Aggregated SncA proteins form brain lesions that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Defects in SncA play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SncA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. SncA shares 95% sequence homology with rat SncA. Rat SncA is specifically expressed in brain and is associated with synaptosomal membranes in neurons

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Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog (s). KCND3 encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shal-related subfamily, members of which form voltage-activated A-type potassium ion channels and are prominent in the repolarization phase of the action potential.

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The PAX5 gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. The PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. The PAX5 gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein (BSAP) that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis, therefore, PAX5 gene product may not only play an important role in B-cell differentiation, but also in neural development and spermatogenesis.

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TNFSF4 Antibody: The tumor necrosis factor superfamily member TNFSF4 is a type II membrane bound, non-covalently linked homotrimeric protein. It is expressed on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and activated B-cells, and also on other cells such as vascular endothelial cells, mast cells, and natural killer cells. TNFSF4 signals specifically through the TNFRSF4 receptor, is expressed predominantly on CD4+T cells but also on certain activated CD8+T cells. TNFRSF4/TNFSF4 functions as a costimulatory signal, which is required for a productive interaction between antigen presenting cells and their target T-cells. It enhances cell proliferation and survival, and increases expression of RANTES, IL-2, IL-3, and IFNgamma. TNFRSF4/TNFSF4 signaling plays an important role in immunotolerance.

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Members in the TNF superfamily regulate immune responses and induce apoptosis. A novel member in the TNF family was recently identified by several groups and designated BAFF (for B cell Activating Factor belonging to the TNF Family), BLyS (for B Lymphocyte Stimulator), TALL-1 (for TNF- and ApoL-related Leukocyte-expressed Ligand), and THANK (for TNF Homologue that Activate Apoptosis, NF-κB and c-jun N-terminal Kinase). BAFF/BLyS was characterized as a B cell activator since it induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. Three receptors for BAFF were recently identified and designated TACI, BCMA and BAFF-R. BAFF and its receptors are essential for B cell development, survival, and humoral immune responses. BAFF is involved in the development of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythaematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

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The Itg-Beta3 gene encodes the beta subunit of the platelet membrane adhesive protein receptor complex Itg-Beta3 protein, which belongs to the Integrin class of cell adhesion molecule receptors that share a common heterotrimeric structure with Alpha and Beta subunits. It is a common Beta subunit of the platelet complex and of two other Integrins (Fibronectin and Vitronectin Receptors), which have distinct Alpha subunits. Itg-Beta3 has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, including platelet aggregation and thrombosis and implantation, placentation, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and tumor progression. Glanzmann Thrombasthenia can result from defects in the genes for either the Itg-Alpha2B or the Itg-Beta3 subunit

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RANTES is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. It binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 and is one of the major HIV suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV 1, HIV 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is T cell and macrophage specific, induced by mitogens, and belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

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CD10 is a 100 kDa glycoprotein, also designated Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). It is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitt’s, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult bone marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells.

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Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.

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ATM encoded by this gene belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. This protein is an important cell cycle checkpoint kinase that phosphorylates; thus, it functions as a regulator of a wide variety of downstream proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA1, checkpoint kinase CHK2, checkpoint proteins RAD17 and RAD9, and DNA repair protein NBS1. This protein and the closely related kinase ATR are thought to be master controllers of cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways that are required for cell response to DNA damage and for genome stability. Mutations in this gene are associated with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disorder. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

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Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is expressed in glial cells within the central and peripheral nervous systems. CNTF stimulates gene expression, cell survival or differentiation in a variety of neuronal cell types such as sensory, sympathetic, ciliary and motor neurons. CNTF itself lacks a classical signal peptide sequence of a secreted protein, but is thought to convey its cytoprotective effects after release from adult glial cells by some mechanism induced by injury.