27479 Results for: "antibody affinity chromatography"

Supplier: Prosci

Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. KCNN3, a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes, encodes a protein that is activated before membrane hyperpolarization and is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel with three other calmodulin-binding subunits.

Supplier: Prosci

STAT2 encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In response to interferon (IFN), this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (ISGF3G), in which this protein acts as a transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA directly. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP) has been shown to interact specifically with this protein, which is thought to be involved in the process of blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a cytokine produced primarily by activated T lymphocytes. It exists as an antiparallel disulfide linked homodimeric glycoprotein with 115 amino acid residues in each chain. Known also as EDF (eosinophil differentiating factor), functions predominantly as an eosinophilopoietic factor. Analysis of its crystal structure reveals a novel two domain structure, with each domain showing significant homology to the cytokine fold in GMCSF, MCSF, IL-2, IL-4 and growth hormone. Human and mouse IL-5 have 70% amino acid sequence homology.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-36G is is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family whose gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL-36G is thought to activate the NF-kappaB pathway through IL-1 receptor family members IL-1RL2 and IL-1RAcP. Like the related proteins IL-36A and IL-36B, IL-36G requires post-translational processing for full agonist activity, but the cleavage mechanism is currently unknown. IL-36G expression is stimulated by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1. The IL-36 cytokines have been suggested to amplify Th1 responses by enhancing proliferation and Th1 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells.

Supplier: Prosci

CCNT1 Antibody: Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases and exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. The cyclin-T1 protein (CCNT1) belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. CCNT1 tightly associates with CDK9 kinase, and was found to be a major subunit of the transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The kinase complex containing CCNT1 and the elongation factor can interact with, and act as a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, and was shown to be both necessary and sufficient for full activation of viral transcription. CCNT1 and its kinase partner were also found to be involved in the phosphorylation and regulation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Immobilized Protein A/G consists of recombinant protein A/G ligand covalently immobilized onto 6% highly cross-linked agarose.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-15 Antibody: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and IL-2 share many biological activities as both have been found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. In mouse, studies suggest that IL-15 may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-xL, possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is induced in cells by a group of death domain containing receptors. Binding of ligand to these receptors sends signals that activate members of the caspase family of proteases. The signals ultimately cause degradation of chromosomal DNA by activating DNase. TRAIL (TNF related apoptosis induced ligand) or Apo 2L initiates apoptosis of tumor cells by binding to either of its receptors, DR4 or DR5. These receptors consist of an extracellular TRAIL binding domain and a cytoplasmic "death domain".

Supplier: Prosci

Serine palmitoyltransferase, which consists of two different subunits, is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It converts L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. SPTLC1 is the long chain base subunit 1 of serine palmitoyltransferase. Mutations in SPTLC1 gene were identified in patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1. Serine palmitoyltransferase, which consists of two different subunits, is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It converts L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. The product of this gene is the long chain base subunit 1 of serine palmitoyltransferase. Mutations in this gene were identified in patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Supplier: Prosci

RANTES is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. It binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 and is one of the major HIV suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV 1, HIV 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is T cell and macrophage specific, induced by mitogens, and belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Supplier: Prosci

Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S preinitiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B.

Supplier: Prosci

Tau is a heterogeneous microtubule-associated protein that promotes and stabilizes microtubule assembly, especially in axons. Six isoforms with different amino-terminal inserts and different numbers of tandem repeats near the carboxy-terminus have been identified, and tau is hyperphosphorylated at approximately 25 sites by ERK, GSK-3 and CDK5. Phosphorylation decreases the ability of tau to bind to microtubules. Neurofibrillary tangles are a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and these tangles are bundles of paired helical filaments composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In particular, phosphorylation of Ser396 by GSK-3 or CDK5 destabilizes microtubules in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, inclusions of tau are found in a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies (1, 3).

Supplier: Prosci

The protein encoded by BAD gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform.

Supplier: Prosci

S100 calcium binding protein A1 (S100-alpha/ S100A1), The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. Reduced expression of this protein has been implicated in cardiomyopathies.

Supplier: Prosci

Human ESP1/CRP2 protein has two LIM domains, and each shares 35.1% and 77 or 79% identical residues with human cysteine-rich protein (CRP) and rat CRIP, respectively. Northern blot analysis of ESP1/CRP2 in various human tissues showed distinct tissue distributions compared with CRP and CRIP, suggesting that each might serve related but specific roles in tissue organization or function. Using a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids, the ESP1/CRP2 locus was assigned to chromosome 14. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, using cDNA and a genome DNA fragment of the ESP1/CRP2 as probes, confirms this assignment and relegates regional localization to band 14q32.3.

Supplier: Prosci

The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

Supplier: Prosci

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha and MIP1 beta, two closely related but distinct proteins, were originally co-purified from medium conditioned by a LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. Mature mouse MIP1 alpha shares approximately 77% and 70% amino acid identity with human MIP1 alpha and mouse MIP1 beta, respectively. MIP1 proteins are expressed primarily in T cells, B cells, and monocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine important for the modulation of tissue responses during inflammation. Unlike the distantly related IL-10, IL-22 does not inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes in response to LPS, but it has some inhibitory effects on IL-4 production from Th2 T cells. IL-22 is expressed by both the adaptive arm of the immune system such as CD4 T cell subsets including Th17 cells, as well as by innate lymphocytes such as NK and LTi-like cells. IL-22 is highly expressed in several chronic inflammatory conditions, and studies suggest that IL-22 plays both inflammatory and protective roles.

Supplier: Prosci

TSPAN3 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Prosci

GALNAC4S-6ST is a sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc (4,6-SO (4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc (4SO4)-GlcA (2SO4)-GalNAc (6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. GALNAC4S-6ST may also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and/or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression; however such results are unclear in vivo.

Supplier: Prosci

N-alpha-acetylation is one of the most common protein modifications that occurs during protein synthesis and involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the protein alpha-amino group. ARD1A, together with NATH (NARG1; MIM 608000), is part of a major N-alpha-acetyltransferase complex responsible for alpha-acetylation of proteins and peptides.N-alpha-acetylation is one of the most common protein modifications that occurs during protein synthesis and involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the protein alpha-amino group. ARD1A, together with NATH (NARG1; MIM 608000), is part of a major N-alpha-acetyltransferase complex responsible for alpha-acetylation of proteins and peptides (Sanchez-Puig and Fersht, 2006 [PubMed 16823041]).

Supplier: Prosci

IL-9 is a cytokine preferentially produced by T helper type 2 lymphocytes and active on various cell types such as T and B lymphocytes, mast cells and haemopoietic progenitors; but no effect of this cytokine has been reported so far on mononuclear phagocytes. IL-9 stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. The IL-9 receptor (IL 9R) belongs to the haemopoietic receptor superfamily and its signal transduction involves mainly the (JAK/STAT) pathway. Some studies have implicated IL-9 as an important cytokine in a number of Th2 cytokine mediated pathologies, in particular asthma

Supplier: Prosci

P-type ATPases, such as ATP11B, are phosphorylated in their intermediate state and drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily transports heavy metal ions, such as Cu (2+) or Cd (2+). Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions, such as H (+), Na (+), K (+), or Ca (+). A third subfamily transports amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine.P-type ATPases, such as ATP11B, are phosphorylated in their intermediate state and drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily transports heavy metal ions, such as Cu (2+) or Cd (2+). Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions, such as H (+), Na (+), K (+), or Ca (+). A third subfamily transports amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine.

Supplier: Prosci

RANTES is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. It binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 and is one of the major HIV suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV 1, HIV 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is T cell and macrophage specific, induced by mitogens, and belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Supplier: Prosci

CXCR4, a Chemokine Receptor involved in organ vascularization, neuronal cell migration, and patterning of the central nervous system during development. It binds stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1, also called PBFS) and mediates migration of resting leukocytes and is unique in homing hematopoietic progenitors to bone marrow. These properties suggest that CXCR4 is involved in tumor cell migration and local tumor invasion. It is also an HIV-1 fusion co-factor that allows HIV-1 invasion in diverse human cell types. Although this receptor was initially called Neuropeptide Y3 Receptor, it does not respond to neuropeptide Y. CXCR4 has two isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing.

Supplier: Prosci

HOXB4 is a member of the Antp homeobox family and is a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. The protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion.This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion.

Supplier: Prosci

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine-beta family of cytokines. The protein is structurally related to the CXC subfamily of cytokines. Members of this subfamily are characterized by two cysteines separated by a single amino acid. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. It may play a inprotant role in the initiation and/or progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Blockade of a systemic MCP-1 signal pathway in vivo may prevent PH.

Supplier: Prosci

TSPAN15 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

RTN4 belongs to the family of reticulons. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. RTN4 is a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor which may also help block the regeneration of the central nervous system in higher vertebrates.This gene belongs to the family of reticulon encoding genes. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. The product of this gene is a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor which may also help block the regeneration of the central nervous system in higher vertebrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants derived both from differential splicing and differential promoter usage and encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Supplier: Prosci

FOXP2 is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor expressed in fetal and adult brain. This transcription factor is a member of the forkhead/winged-helix (FOX) family of transcription factors, and contains a FOX DNA-binding domain and a large polyglutamine tract. Members of the FOX family of transcription factors are regulators of embryogenesis. The product of this gene is thought to be required for proper development of speech and language regions of the brain during embryogenesis. Although a point mutation in this gene has been associated with the KE pedigree segregating developmental verbal dyspraxia, no association between mutations in this gene and another speech disorder, autism, has been found. Four alternative transcripts encoding three different isoforms have been identified.