27479 Results for: "antibody affinity chromatography"

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Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.

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MEK3 belongs to MAPKK family. This kinase is activated by mitogenic and environmental stress, and participates in the MAPK-mediated signaling cascade. It phosphorylates and thus activates p38. This kinase can be activated by insulin, and is necessary for the expression of glucose transporter. Expression of Ras oncogene is found to result in the accumulation of the active form of this kinase, which thus leads to the constitutive activation of p38, and confers oncogenic transformation of primary cells. The inhibition of this kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of Yersina pseudotuberculosis.

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Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone but not 4-nitrophenol, a typical substrate for the phenol and estrogen sulfotransferase subfamilies.Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone but not 4-nitrophenol, a typical substrate for the phenol and estrogen sulfotransferase subfamilies. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode different isoforms have been described.

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The protein encoded by BAD gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform.

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Interleukin 28 (IL-28B), also known as interferon lambda 3, is cytokine distantly related to type I interferons and the IL-10 family. The IL-28B gene and the closely related cytokine genes IL-28A and IL-29 form a cytokine gene cluster on a chromosomal region mapped to 19q13. Expression of the cytokines encoded by the three genes can be induced by viral infection and can induce anti-viral activity. All three cytokines have been shown to interact with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consists of interleukin 10 receptor-beta (IL10RB) and interleukin 28 receptor-alpha (IL28RA).

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RELM beta, is a secreted protein, a probable hormone, expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon. The biological functions of RELM beta and its molecular targets, are not fully known but, it has been suggested that it plays a regulatory role during inflammation and may also act to establish links among adipose tissue, the intestine and the liver. Interestingly the molecular structure of RELM beta is highly homologous to that of the adipose-derived cytokine Resistin and RELM alpha.

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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), also known as LEM-6, is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. PPARGC1A interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of PPARGC1A with multiple transcription factors. PPARGC1A can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. PPARGC1A may be also involved in the development of obesity.

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IL-8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. This family of small basic heparan-binding proteins are proinflammatory and primarily mediate the activation and migration of neutrophils into tissue from peripheral blood. This chemokine is one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response and is secreted by several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. It functions as a chemoattractant, and is also a potent angiogenic factor. IL-8 attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes.

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NAP2 is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. It has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and sythesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells.

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SCUBE3 Antibody: SCUBE3 is a member of a family of secreted glycoproteins that contain N-terminal EGF-like repeats and C-terminal cysteine-rich motifs and CUB domain and is highly expressed in primary osteoblasts and bones, and to a lesser extent in heart (1,2). Other studies have shown that overexpression of SCUBE3 in mice induced cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that it may also play a role in the regulation of cardiac growth. SCUBE3 has been shown to be an endogenous TGF-beta receptor ligand (3,4) and is thought to promote lung cancer cell mobility and invasiveness. In lung cancer cells, the secreted SCUBE3 protein was cleaved by MMP2 and MMP9, allowing the activation of the TGF-beta receptor, the increase of Smad2/3 transcriptional activity and the upregulation of expression of proteins such as TGF-beta1, VEGF, Snail, and Slug.

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KIRREL (NEPH1) is a member of the nephrin-like protein family, which includes NEPH2 and NEPH3. The cytoplasmic domains of these proteins interact with the C terminus of podocin (NPHS2), and the genes are expressed in kidney podocytes, cells involved in ensuring size- and charge-selective ultrafiltration. NEPH1 is a member of the nephrin-like protein family, which includes NEPH2 (MIM 607761) and NEPH3 (MIM 607762). The cytoplasmic domains of these proteins interact with the C terminus of podocin (NPHS2; MIM 604766), and the genes are expressed in kidney podocytes, cells involved in ensuring size- and charge-selective ultrafiltration (Sellin et al., 2003 [PubMed 12424224]).

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Interleukins (ILs) are a large group of cytokines that are produced mainly by leukocytes, although some are produced by certain phagocytes and auxiliary cells. ILs have a variety of functions, but most function to direct other immune cells to divide and differentiate. Each IL acts on a specific, limited group of cells through a receptor specific for that IL.

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Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit, typically GUCY1B3, catalyzes conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP and functions as the main receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrovasodilator drugs (Zabel et al., 1998 [PubMed 9742212]).Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit, typically GUCY1B3, catalyzes conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP and functions as the main receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrovasodilator drugs (Zabel et al., 1998 [PubMed 9742212]).

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TMEM173 acts as a facilitator of innate immune signaling. It is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and exert a potent anti-viral state following expression. TMEM173 may be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons.It also may be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). TMEM173 mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.

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HSPA4 (Hsp70) belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. It was isolated as a putative Rictor interacting protein and interaction with membranes acts as a platform for its release into the extracellular environment during its recovery from stress. Hsp70 gene expression in Rheumatoid Arthitis-affected synovial tissue is followed by Hsp70 cell surface expression on fibroblast-like synovial cells growing from RA synovial tissue. Serum Hsp70 levels were increased in Systemic sclerosis patients, and associated with pulmonary fibrosis, skin sclerosis, renal vascular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

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Bim EL Antibody: Members in the Bcl-2 family are critical regulators of apoptosis by either inhibiting or promoting cell death. Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is a potent death domain. BH3 domain containing pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bad, Bax, Bid, Bik, and Hrk, form a growing subclass of the Bcl-2 family. Bim, also known as Bcl-2-like protein 11, is a pro-apoptotic member of this family and interacts with diverse members in the pro-survival Bcl-2 sub-family including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w. Multiple isoforms of Bim are known to exist, with Bim EL being the longest isoform (1,2).

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Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-κ-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-κ-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-κ-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-κ-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-κ-B RelB-p52 complexes. Also phosphorylates NCOA3. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 at NF-κ-B-regulated promoters during inflammatory responses triggered by cytokines.

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APP encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.

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Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases through its SH2 domain and regulates their kinase activity. During insulin stimulation, it also binds to IRS-1./Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane.

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OXCT1 is a member of the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase gene family. It is a homodimeric mitochondrial matrix enzyme that plays a central role in extrahepatic ketone body catabolism by catalyzing the reversible transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate.This gene encodes a member of the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase gene family. The encoded protein is a homodimeric mitochondrial matrix enzyme that plays a central role in extrahepatic ketone body catabolism by catalyzing the reversible transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate. Mutations in this gene are associated with succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency.

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KLHL4 is a member of the kelch family of proteins, which are characterized by kelch repeat motifs and a POZ/BTB protein-binding domain. It is thought that kelch repeats are actin binding domains. However, the specific function of this protein has not been determined.This gene encodes a member of the kelch family of proteins, which are characterized by kelch repeat motifs and a POZ/BTB protein-binding domain. It is thought that kelch repeats are actin binding domains. However, the specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

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4E-BP1 encodes one member of a family of translation repressor proteins. The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. Interaction of this protein with eIF4E inhibits complex assembly and represses translation. This protein is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation and insulin signaling, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of mRNA translation.

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AASDHPPT is similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS5, which is required for the activation of the alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase in the biosynthetic pathway of lysine. Yeast alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase converts alpha-biosynthetic-aminoadipate semialdehyde to alpha-aminoadipate. It has been suggested that defects in the human gene result in pipecolic acidemia.The protein encoded by this gene is similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS5, which is required for the activation of the alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase in the biosynthetic pathway of lysine. Yeast alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase converts alpha-biosynthetic-aminoadipate semialdehyde to alpha-aminoadipate. It has been suggested that defects in the human gene result in pipecolic acidemia.

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TSPAN5 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.

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Progesterone binding protein is a putative steroid membrane receptor. The protein is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney.Progesterone binding protein is a putative steroid membrane receptor. The protein is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.Progesterone binding protein is a putative steroid membrane receptor. The protein is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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ZNF280B contains 4 C2H2-type zinc fingers. It may function as a transcription factor.This gene was identified by homology to other species. Its encoded protein is approximately 78-88% identical to a predicted sheep protein of unknown function. The protein is also approximately 25% identical to the Drosophila protein suppressor of hairy wing, which is a leucine zipper protein that represses the function of transcriptional enhancers of the gypsy retrotransposon. Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and genomic sequence data because no single transcript was available for the full length of the gene. The extent of this transcript is supported by transcript alignments.

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UNG2 Antibody: The human uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) gene encodes both mitochondrial (UNG1) and nuclear (UNG2) forms through differentially regulated promoters and alternative splicing. UNG2 is the major enzyme in the base excision repair pathway that removes uracil residues from DNA that arise through either misincorporation during replication or cytosine deamination. UNG2 can also be bound by the HIV-1 integrase and incorporated into the virion particle, suggesting that it is required to remove uracils from the viral genome. As the intrinsic antiviral protein APOBEC3G generates numerous uracils in the HIV genome during its replication, it may be that the UNG2 contributes to the APOBEC3G-mediated loss of infectivity by generating abasic sites in the viral genome.

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Lin28 Monoclonal Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.

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RIP1 Antibody: RIP1 (Receptor Interacting Protein), also known as RIPK1, is a crucial 74 kD adaptor kinase in several of stress-induced signaling pathways and on the crossroad of a cell’s decision to live or die. RIP1 contains an N-terminal region with homology to protein kinases, an intermediate domain capable of association with MAPKKK and a C-terminal region containing a death domain motif present in the Fas and TNFR1 intracellular domains. Full length RIP1 is important for signallling to NF-kappa-B, MAPKs and necrosis, whereas caspase-8 generates a C-terminal RIP1 cleavage fragment, promoting TNF-induced apoptosis. It is required for TNFRSF1A-mediated and TLR3-induced NF-kappa-B activation. RIP1-deficient mice fail to thrive, displaying extensive apoptosis in both lymphoid and adipose tissues and dying at 1-3 days of age.

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IL-36G is is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family whose gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL-36G is thought to activate the NF-kappaB pathway through IL-1 receptor family members IL-1RL2 and IL-1RAcP. Like the related proteins IL-36A and IL-36B, IL-36G requires post-translational processing for full agonist activity, but the cleavage mechanism is currently unknown. IL-36G expression is stimulated by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1. The IL-36 cytokines have been suggested to amplify Th1 responses by enhancing proliferation and Th1 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells.