27728 Results for: "affinity chromatography"

Supplier: Prosci

MAPT is differentially expressed in the nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. The mutations in the gene have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy.This gene encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) whose transcript undergoes complex, regulated alternative splicing, giving rise to several mRNA species. MAPT transcripts are differentially expressed in the nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. MAPT gene mutations have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy.

Supplier: Prosci

SncA is a member of the synuclein family of structurally related proteins that are prominently expressed in the central nervous system, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and SncA and Snc-Beta inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SncA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Aggregated SncA proteins form brain lesions that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Defects in SncA play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SncA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. SncA shares 95% sequence homology with rat SncA. Rat SncA is specifically expressed in brain and is associated with synaptosomal membranes in neurons

Supplier: Prosci

Galactocerebrosides are abundant sphingolipids of the myelin membrane of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and are also present in small amounts in kidney. The key enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of galactocerebrosides consists of the transfer of galactose to ceramide catalyzed by UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT, EC 2.4.1.45). The enzyme UGT8 is the first involved in complex lipid biosynthesis in the myelinating oligodendrocyte.Galactocerebrosides are abundant sphingolipids of the myelin membrane of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and are also present in small amounts in kidney. The key enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of galactocerebrosides consists of the transfer of galactose to ceramide catalyzed by UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT, EC 2.4.1.45). The enzyme encoded by the CGT gene is the first involved in complex lipid biosynthesis in the myelinating oligodendrocyte.

Supplier: Prosci

TRIM8 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to nuclear bodies. Its structure is similar to some tumor suppressor proteins and its gene maps to a locus thought to contain tumor suppressor genes.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to nuclear bodies. Its structure is similar to some tumor suppressor proteins and its gene maps to a locus thought to contain tumor suppressor genes.

Supplier: Prosci

A family of protein kinases located upstream of the MAP kinases andresponsible for their activation has been identified. The prototype member ofthis family, designated MAP kinase kinase, or MEK-1, specifically phospho-rylates the MAP kinase regulatory threonine and tyrosine residues present inthe Thr-Glu-Tyr motif of ERK. A second MEK family member, MEK-2, resem-bles MEK-1 in its substrate specificity. MEK-3 (or MKK-3) functions to acti-vate p38 MAP kinase, and MEK-4 (also called SEK1 or MKK-4) activatesboth p38 and JNK MAP kinases. MEK-5 appears to specifically phosphory-late ERK5, whereas MEK-6 phosphorylates p38 and p38b. MEK-7 (or MKK-7)phosphorylates and activates the JNK signal transduction pathway.

Supplier: Prosci

REC8 is required during meiosis for separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes. Proteolytic cleavage of REC8 on chromosome arms by separin during anaphase I allows for homologous chromosome separation in meiosis I and cleavage of REC8 on centromeres during anaphase II allows for sister chromatid separation in meiosis II.This gene encodes a member of the kleisin family of SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) protein partners. The protein localizes to the axial elements of chromosomes during meiosis in both oocytes and spermatocytes. In the mouse, the homologous protein is a key component of the meiotic cohesion complex, which regulates sister chromatid cohesion and recombination between homologous chromosomes. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

Supplier: Prosci

RANTES is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. It binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 and is one of the major HIV suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV 1, HIV 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is T cell and macrophage specific, induced by mitogens, and belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Supplier: Prosci

The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

Supplier: Prosci

IL-15 Antibody: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and IL-2 share many biological activities as both have been found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. In mouse, studies suggest that IL-15 may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-xL, possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

NETO2 is a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. It also has an intracellular FXNPXY-like motif, which has been shown in other proteins to be essential for the internalization of clathrin coated pits during endocytosis.This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. It also has an intracellular FXNPXY-like motif, which has been shown in other proteins to be essential for the internalization of clathrin coated pits during endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but they have not been fully characterized.

Supplier: Prosci

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity is regulated by T-loop phosphorylation (Thr172 in the case of CDK4), by the abundance of their cyclin partners, and by association with CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip or INK family of proteins. The inactive ternary complex of CDK4/cyclin D and p27 Kip1/Cip1 requires extracellular mitogenic stimuli for the release and degradation of p27, which affects progression through the restriction point and pRb-dependent entry into S-phase. The active complex of CDK4/cyclin D targets the retinoblastoma protein for phosphorylation, allowing the release of E2F transcription factors that activate G1/S-phase gene expression. In HeLa cells, upon UV irradiation, upregulation of p16 INK4A association with CDK4/cyclin D3 leads to a G2 delay, implicating CDK4/cyclin D3 activity in progression through the G2-phase of the cell cycle.

Supplier: Prosci

NFKB1 (MIM 164011) or NFKB2 (MIM 164012) is bound to REL (MIM 164910), RELA (MIM 164014), or RELB (MIM 604758) to form the NFKB complex. The NFKB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA, MIM 164008, or NFKBIB), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA, MIM 600664 or IKBKB, MIM 603258) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. Activated NFKB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine).

Supplier: Prosci

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha and MIP1 beta, two closely related but distinct proteins, were originally co-purified from medium conditioned by a LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. Mature mouse MIP1 alpha shares approximately 77% and 70% amino acid identity with human MIP1 alpha and mouse MIP1 beta, respectively. MIP1 proteins are expressed primarily in T cells, B cells, and monocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation.

Supplier: Prosci

ST3GAL2 is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The protein is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, can use the same acceptor substrates as does sialyltransferase 4A.The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, can use the same acceptor substrates as does sialyltransferase 4A.

Supplier: Prosci

Members of the SOX family of transcription factors are characterized by the presence of a DNA-binding high mobility group (HMG) domain, homologous to the HMG box of sex-determining region Y (SRY). Forming a subgroup of the HMG domain superfamily, SOX proteins have been implicated in cell fate decisions in a diverse range of developmental processes. SOX transcription factors have diverse tissue-specific expression patterns during early development and have been proposed to act as target-specific transcription factors and/or as chromatin structure regulatory elements. The SOX12 gene encodes a protein that was identified as a SOX family member based on conserved domains and its expression in various tissues suggests a role in both differentiation and maintenance of several cell types.

Supplier: Prosci

HR is a protein whose function has been linked to hair growth. A similar protein in rat functions as a transcriptional corepressor for thyroid hormone and interacts with histone deacetylases. Mutations in this gene have been documented in cases of autosomal recessive congenital alopecia and atrichia with papular lesions.This gene encodes a protein whose function has been linked to hair growth. A similar protein in rat functions as a transcriptional corepressor for thyroid hormone and interacts with histone deacetylases. Mutations in this gene have been documented in cases of autosomal recessive congenital alopecia and atrichia with papular lesions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

GALNAC4S-6ST is a sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc (4,6-SO (4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc (4SO4)-GlcA (2SO4)-GalNAc (6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. GALNAC4S-6ST may also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and/or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression; however such results are unclear in vivo.

Supplier: Prosci

N-alpha-acetylation is one of the most common protein modifications that occurs during protein synthesis and involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the protein alpha-amino group. ARD1A, together with NATH (NARG1; MIM 608000), is part of a major N-alpha-acetyltransferase complex responsible for alpha-acetylation of proteins and peptides.N-alpha-acetylation is one of the most common protein modifications that occurs during protein synthesis and involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the protein alpha-amino group. ARD1A, together with NATH (NARG1; MIM 608000), is part of a major N-alpha-acetyltransferase complex responsible for alpha-acetylation of proteins and peptides (Sanchez-Puig and Fersht, 2006 [PubMed 16823041]).

Supplier: Prosci

TSPAN3 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine important for the modulation of tissue responses during inflammation. Unlike the distantly related IL-10, IL-22 does not inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes in response to LPS, but it has some inhibitory effects on IL-4 production from Th2 T cells. IL-22 is expressed by both the adaptive arm of the immune system such as CD4 T cell subsets including Th17 cells, as well as by innate lymphocytes such as NK and LTi-like cells. IL-22 is highly expressed in several chronic inflammatory conditions, and studies suggest that IL-22 plays both inflammatory and protective roles.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-9 is a cytokine preferentially produced by T helper type 2 lymphocytes and active on various cell types such as T and B lymphocytes, mast cells and haemopoietic progenitors; but no effect of this cytokine has been reported so far on mononuclear phagocytes. IL-9 stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. The IL-9 receptor (IL 9R) belongs to the haemopoietic receptor superfamily and its signal transduction involves mainly the (JAK/STAT) pathway. Some studies have implicated IL-9 as an important cytokine in a number of Th2 cytokine mediated pathologies, in particular asthma

Supplier: Prosci

Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.

Supplier: Prosci

RANTES is a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. It binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 and is one of the major HIV suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV 1, HIV 2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is T cell and macrophage specific, induced by mitogens, and belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Supplier: Prosci

The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

Supplier: Prosci

PDGF Receptor beta encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. The identity of the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer determines whether the functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer, composed of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides. This gene is flanked on chromosome 5 by the genes for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor; all three genes may be implicated in the 5-q syndrome. A translocation between chromosomes 5 and 12, that fuses this gene to that of the translocation, ETV6, leukemia gene, results in chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia.

Supplier: Prosci

P-type ATPases, such as ATP11B, are phosphorylated in their intermediate state and drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily transports heavy metal ions, such as Cu (2+) or Cd (2+). Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions, such as H (+), Na (+), K (+), or Ca (+). A third subfamily transports amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine.P-type ATPases, such as ATP11B, are phosphorylated in their intermediate state and drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily transports heavy metal ions, such as Cu (2+) or Cd (2+). Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions, such as H (+), Na (+), K (+), or Ca (+). A third subfamily transports amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine.

Supplier: Prosci

Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.

Supplier: Prosci

IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Supplier: Prosci

NCKAP1L is a member of the HEM family of tissue-specific transmembrane proteins which are highly conserved from invertebrates through mammals. This gene is only expressed in hematopoietic cells, while hematopoietic protein 2 is preferentially expressed in brain, heart, liver and testis. The function of the HEM1 product has not been established but it is thought to play an essential role in oogenesis.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the HEM family of tissue-specific transmembrane proteins which are highly conserved from invertebrates through mammals. This gene is only expressed in hematopoietic cells, while hematopoietic protein 2 is preferentially expressed in brain, heart, liver and testis. The function of the HEM1 product has not been established but it is thought to play an essential role in oogenesis.