27727 Results for: "affinity chromatography"

Supplier: Prosci

ENO1 encodes one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals; it encodes alpha-enolase, a homodimeric soluble enzyme, and also encodes a shorter monomeric structural lens protein, tau-crystallin. The two proteins are made from the same message. The full length protein, the isoenzyme, is found in the cytoplasm. The shorter protein is produced from an alternative translation start, is localized to the nucleus, and has been found to bind to an element in the c-myc promoter. A pseudogene has been identified that is located on the other arm of the same chromosome.

Supplier: Prosci

AGR2 Antibody: AGR2 (anterior gradient protein 2) and AGR3 are members of the anterior gradient homolog family. They are secreted cytoplasmic proteins which are involved in metastasis induction and p53 tumour supressor inhibition. They may serve as molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets for hormone-responsive breast tumours. AGR2 is ubiquitously expressed with upregulated expression in prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, renal carcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. AGR2 expression is positively correlated with that of the estrogen receptor (ER) and is negatively correlated with that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Supplier: Prosci

Cortactin is overexpressed in breast cancer and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The encoded protein is localized in the cytoplasm and in areas of the cell-substratum contacts. This gene has two roles: (1) regulating the interactions between components of adherens-type junctions and (2) organizing the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion structures of epithelia and carcinoma cells. During apoptosis, the encoded protein is degraded in a caspase-dependent manner. The aberrant regulation of this gene contributes to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Two splice variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

APOBEC3G is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. The protein encoded by this gene has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity.

Supplier: Prosci

Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet, with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extracytoplasmic leaflet. This protein, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight junction strands.

Supplier: Prosci

RNF20 Antibody: RNF20 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates chromosome structure by monoubiquitinating histone H2B. RNF20 selectively suppresses the expression of some genes such as several protooncogenes and growth-related genes, including many genes that are induced by epidermal growth factor by interfering with chromatin recruitment of transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS). In contrast, RNF20 also positively regulates the p53 tumor suppressor as well as numerous histone H2A and H2B genes. Together with the deubiquitinase USP44, RNF20 regulates stem cell differentiation by modulating H2B monoubiquitination.

Supplier: Prosci

DIS3 Antibody: The exosome is involved in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. DIS3, also known as exosome complex exonuclease RRP44, is a ribonuclease that acts directly in the processing, turnover, and surveillance of a large number of distinct RNA species. DIS3 localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and contains one PINc domain. It is widely expressed with highest expression in testis and is required for processing of 7S pre-RNA into a mature nuclear complex and, ultimately, for proper mitotic progression. Abnormal expression levels of DIS3 may be associated with colon cancer, suggesting a role for DIS3 in tumorigenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

AIMP1 (Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II, EMAP2) is a proinflammatory cytokine for monocytes and granulocytes. It is specifically induced by apoptosis and is involved in the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing (1,2). AIMP1 was identified as one of three auxiliary factors of the mammalian aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) complex. It binds and facilitates the catalytic reaction of arginyl-tRNA synthetase. Recent studies show that CD23 plays an essential role in the AIMP1-induced immune response and might be a target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Supplier: Prosci

Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.

Supplier: Prosci

Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Implicated in Notch signaling cross-over.

Supplier: Prosci

MTERFD1 Antibody: Members of the mTERF (mitochondrial transcription termination factor) family, are mitochondrial proteins that are believed to be transcription termination factors. MTERFD1 is composed of three leucine zippers that form a three-stranded coiled-coil that binds to DNA. It binds promoter DNA and acts as a mitochondrial transcription regulator. It has been suggested that only the phosphorylated form of MTERFD1 has transcription termination activity. A closely related mTERF family member, MTERFD3, is believed to be involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth by modulating mitochondrial transcription.

Supplier: Prosci

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate microtubule stability and play critical roles in neuronal development and plasticity. MAP1LC3A belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family of proteins that form mature complexes with MAP1A and MAP1B which are thought to be important in the formation and development of axons and dendrites. MAP1LC3A is one of three isoforms of MAP1LC3, the mammalian homolog of yeast ATG8, an essential autophagy protein. These isoforms exhibit distinct expression patterns and MAP1LC3A, like MAP1LC3A but not MAP1LC3B, is post-translationally modified, suggesting the three isoforms may have different physiological functions.

Supplier: Prosci

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumour bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia.

Supplier: Prosci

MEK3 belongs to MAPKK family. This kinase is activated by mitogenic and environmental stress, and participates in the MAPK-mediated signaling cascade. It phosphorylates and thus activates p38. This kinase can be activated by insulin, and is necessary for the expression of glucose transporter. Expression of Ras oncogene is found to result in the accumulation of the active form of this kinase, which thus leads to the constitutive activation of p38, and confers oncogenic transformation of primary cells. The inhibition of this kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of Yersina pseudotuberculosis.

Supplier: Prosci

TRIM33 Antibody: TRIM24 (TIF1alpha), TRIM28 (TIF1beta), and TRIM33 (TIF1gamma) are three related cofactors belonging to the tripartite motif superfamily that interact with distinct transcription factors. The structure of TRIM33 is similar to TRIM24 and TRIM28, exhibiting multiple domains (RING finger, coiled coil, B boxes, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain). TRIM33 functions in cell differentiation and development, playing a role in differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It interacts with the Smad2/3 transcription factor in hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cell types to mediate different transcriptional effects in response to TGF-beta. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and promotes SMAD4 ubiquitination.

Supplier: Prosci

The Polycomb group (PcG) genes contribute to the maintenance of cell identity, cell cycle regulation and oncogenesis. SUZ12 (suppressor of zeste 12) is a 90 - 95 kDa member of the polycomb group of transcriptional regulators. It is part of a transcription repression complex termed PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2) that methylates histones in the nucleus, resulting in homeotic (pattern-inducing) gene silencing. It contains one C2H2-type zinc finger region and a C-terminal VEFS-box. SUZ12 is overexpressed in breast and colon cancer. SUZ12 may be a cause of endometrial stromal tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

A4GNT is a protein from the glycosyltransferase 32 family. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to core 2 branched O-glycans. It forms a unique glycan, GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R and is largely associated with the Golgi apparatus membrane.This gene encodes a protein from the glycosyltransferase 32 family. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to core 2 branched O-glycans. It forms a unique glycan, GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R and is largely associated with the Golgi apparatus membrane. Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript record were based on alignments.

Supplier: Prosci

GGPS1 is a member of the prenyltransferase family with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. GGPP is an important molecule responsible for the C20-prenylation of proteins and for the regulation of a nuclear hormone receptor.This gene is a member of the prenyltransferase family and encodes a protein with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. GGPP is an important molecule responsible for the C20-prenylation of proteins and for the regulation of a nuclear hormone receptor. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.

Supplier: Prosci

CECR1 a member of a subfamily of the adenosine deaminase protein family. It may act as a growth factor and have adenosine deaminase activity. This gene may be responsible for some of the phenotypic features associated with cat eye syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of the adenosine deaminase protein family. The encoded protein may act as a growth factor and have adenosine deaminase activity. It may be responsible for some of the phenotypic features associated with cat eye syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Supplier: Prosci

KGF is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is a potent epithelial cell specific growth factor, whose mitogenic activity is predominantly exhibited in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

Supplier: Prosci

The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. PSMD8 is a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides.

Supplier: Prosci

PDGF-B Antibody: The platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF-B) is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer (PDGF-BB) or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGF-AB). Mutations in this gene are associated with meningioma , and reciprocal translocations between chromosomes 22 and 7, at sites where the PDGF-B gene and that for COL1A1 are located, are associated with a particular type of skin tumor called dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Supplier: Prosci

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Probably participates in the regulation of transcription through its binding to the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1; increases YY1 repression activity. Required to repress transcription of the POU1F1 transcription factor. Acts as a molecular chaperone for shuttling phosphorylated NR2C1 to PML bodies for sumoylation

Supplier: Prosci

TLX3 Antibody: The Hox proteins play a role in patterns of embryonic development and cellular differentiation by regulating downstream target genes. TLX3, also known as homeobox11-like1 (HOX11L2), is a DNA-binding nuclear transcription factor that is expressed in a subset of the primary sensory nervous system. TLX3, along with the related TLX1, is a selector transcription factor that promotes an excitatory glutamatergic neuronal phenotype over an inhibitory GABAergic phenotype opposing LBX1 signals during dorsal spinal cord development. Chromosomal translocations of the TLX3 gene have been shown to result in some forms of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).

Supplier: Prosci

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), with 378-amino acid protein( 43-54 kDa), functions in the lysosome to catalyze the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides which are taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis. An inherited deficiency or low activity of human lysosomal acid lipase results in the intralysosomal storage of the respective lipid substrates. So it is also responsible for the rare conditions of Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). As the enzyme is synthesized by all nucleated cells, lipid-laden cells are found in all organs, particularly in liver, spleen, the adrenal and the hemopoietic system, and in the intestine as well as in the lymph nodes, lungs, testes, and ovaries.

Supplier: Prosci

The G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are a versatile family of kinases that play a critical role in cancer metastasis through their regulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in growth factor mediated cell migration (1,2). Phosphorylation of receptors by GRKs appears to be strictly dependent on the receptor being in its agonist-activated state. GRK6 is one of 7 members of the GRK serine/threonine kinase subfamily, which has been shown to modulate the Wnt signaling pathway via phosphorylation of LRP6 (3,4), and the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway. GRK6 may also play a role in immune system function.

Supplier: Prosci

The cytokine IL-1 is responsible for initiating a variety of activities through the activation of transcription factors, NF-kappa B and AP-1, thereby promoting host response to injury or infection. IL-1F10 (Interleukin-1 family member 10), also known as FIL1T, IL1HY2 or FKSG75, is highly expressed in the skin, spleen and proliferating B-cells of the tonsil. IL-1F10 binds soluble IL-1 receptor type 1, and is one of nine Interleukin 1 families clustered on chromosome 2, where it is thought to participate in the regulation of adapted and innate immune responses. IL-1F10 and IL-1RN polymorphisms may play an important role in the susceptibility to developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Supplier: Prosci

RELM beta, is a secreted protein, a probable hormone, expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon. The biological functions of RELM beta and its molecular targets, are not fully known but, it has been suggested that it plays a regulatory role during inflammation and may also act to establish links among adipose tissue, the intestine and the liver. Interestingly the molecular structure of RELM beta is highly homologous to that of the adipose-derived cytokine Resistin and RELM alpha.

Supplier: DRG International

An enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of Intact-PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) in serum.

Supplier: Prosci

Leptin plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Defects in Leptin production cause severe hereditary obesity in rodents and humans. In addition to its effects on body weight, leptin has a variety of other functions, including the regulation of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and the immune and inflammatory response. The Leptin gene is the human homolog of the gene (ob) mutant in the mouse 'obese' phenotype.