1082 Results for: "Test Lead"

Supplier: Genetex

The XPA (xeroderma pigmentosumgroup A) protein specifically recognizes the UV-orchemically damaged DNA lesions, and triggers thenucleotide excision repair process. XPA binds to thereplication protein A (RPA) or the excision repaircross complementing 1 protein (ERCC 1). In the absence of nucleotide excision repair persisting(unrepaired) DNA lesions (adducts) may lead to the accumulation of gene mutations and ultimately to cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum patients have a >2000 fold increased risk to develop skin cancer atsun-exposed areas.

Supplier: Prosci

STK39 is a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress.This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Genetex

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein localized in the intermediate region between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, presumably recycling between the two compartments. The protein is a mannose-specific lectin and is a member of a novel family of plant lectin homologs in the secretory pathway of animal cells. Mutations in the gene are associated with a coagulation defect. Using positional cloning, the gene was identified as the disease gene leading to combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency, a rare, autosomal recessive disorder in which both coagulation factors V and VIII are diminished. [provided by RefSeq]

Supplier: Prosci

MEK3 belongs to MAPKK family. This kinase is activated by mitogenic and environmental stress, and participates in the MAPK-mediated signaling cascade. It phosphorylates and thus activates p38. This kinase can be activated by insulin, and is necessary for the expression of glucose transporter. Expression of Ras oncogene is found to result in the accumulation of the active form of this kinase, which thus leads to the constitutive activation of p38, and confers oncogenic transformation of primary cells. The inhibition of this kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of Yersina pseudotuberculosis.

Supplier: Adipogen

The LTbetaR activates two different NF-kappaB pathways that lead to distinct patterns of gene induction, including selected chemokines and the cytokine BAFF, which is essential for the survival of mature B lymphocytes. LTbetaR activates the classical NF-kappaB (relA/p50) pathway, like the type 1 TNF receptor (TNFR1), that regulates proinflammatory genes, like the chemokine MIP1beta. However, LTbetaR, unlike TNFR1, also activates the processing of p100 to form RelB/p52 complexes, which activate genes involved in lymphoid organ formation and lymphocyte survival.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Prosci

IL19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes. It can bind the IL20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Little is known about the biologic function and gene regulation of IL19.

Supplier: Genetex

PCNA is a marker for cells in early G1 phase and S phase of the cell cycle. It is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. It acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, PCNA is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for PCNA. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome.

Supplier: Prosci

Group I of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors includes GRM1 and GRM5, receptors that have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Alternative splice variants of GRM5 have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined. Inflammation results in the activation of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which is required for nociceptive plasticity and enhanced pain. GRM5 is involved in inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia and potentially in schizophrenia

Supplier: CHARTER MEDICAL LTD MS

Charter Medical’s disposable multi-lead harness sets are designed for pooling of blood and blood components. Our standard products are suitable for a variety of application like collection, storage, processing, transport, separation, and administration of blood and blood components.

Supplier: Prosci

The NOX family of NAPDH oxidases is comprised of seven transmembrane proteins that oxidize intracellular NAPDH/NADH, causing electron transport across the membrane and the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide. NOX3 is expressed predominantly in the inner ear and is involved in the biogenesis of otoconia/otolith. It has been suggested that NOX3 is activated by the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and this activity causes increased levels of reactive oxygen species in the inner ear, which in turn leads to STAT1-mediated inflammation and hearing loss.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors, is comprised of five invariable chains ranging from 16-28 kDa and is closely associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). CD3 is expressed on 70-80% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and on 10-20% of thymocytes. It plays a major role in signaling during antigen recognition, leading to T cell activation. The monoclonal antibody UCHT1 reacts with the 20 kDa ε chain of the CD3/TCR complex.

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Prosci

DYRK1A Antibody: DYRK1A is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family and is thought to be involved in neuronal differentiation, neurodegenerative diseases, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. DYRK1A phosphorylates several transcription factors such as p53, leading to inhibition of embryonic neuronal cell proliferation. DYRK1A associates with multiple proteins, including SPRED1 and SPRED2; this association appears to inhibit the phosphorylation activity of DYRK1A. Recent evidence also suggests that DYRK1A may be involved in the replication of HIV-1.

Supplier: Prosci

NMDA receptors are members of the ionotropic class of glutamate receptors, which also includes Kainate and AMPA receptors. NMDA receptors consist of NR1 subunits combined with one or more NR2 (A-D) or NR3 (A-B) subunits. The ligand-gated channel is permeable to cations including Ca2+, and at resting membrane potentials NMDA receptors are inactive due to a voltage-dependent blockade of the channel pore by Mg2+. NMDA receptor activation, which requires binding of glutamate and glycine, leads to an influx of Ca2+ into the postsynaptic region where it activates several signaling cascades, including pathways leading to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). NMDA receptors have a critical role in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the CNS. They govern a range of physiological conditions including neurological disorders caused by excitotoxic neuronal injury, psychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain syndromes.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RPA-T8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors, is comprised of five invariable chains ranging from 16-28 kDa and is closely associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). CD3 is expressed on 70-80% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and on 10-20% of thymocytes. It plays a major role in signaling during antigen recognition, leading to T cell activation. The monoclonal antibody UCHT1 reacts with the 20 kDa ε chain of the CD3/TCR complex.

Supplier: Genetex

Transmembrane receptor Patched regulates several developmental processes in both invertebrates and vertebrates. In higher vertebrates the patched (Ptc) also acts as a tumor suppressor. The patched receptor signaling involves negatively regulating a GPCR, smoothened. The binding Hedgehog ligand to Ptc removes the negative interaction of Ptc, and allows the signaling by smoothened. It has been shown that during head morphogenesis in D. melanogaster, Ptc positively interacts with smoothened, which leads to stimulation of Activin type 1 receptor Baboon, and activation of cell proliferation in the eye antennal disc. The expression of activated Baboon in the Ptc domain in Ptc mutant background completely abolish the head developmental defects.

Supplier: Prosci

KLOTHO Antibody: KLOTHO is the systemic anti-aging hormone within the glycosidase1 superfamily. It encodes a type I membrane protein that is abundant in the kidney and brain. In mice, a deficiency in KLOTHO expression leads to various systemic phenotypes resembling human aging such as arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and skin atrophy together with growth retardation, short life-span and infertility. Transgenic mice overexpressing KLOTHO have an extended life span by inhibiting insulin/IGF1 signaling. KLOTHO is involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorus homeostasis by inhibiting the synthesis of active vitamin D and identified as a potential tumor suppressor.

Supplier: Prosci

CXXC5 Antibody: CXXC5 is zinc finger protein closely related to the DVL1-binding protein CXXC4 (also known as Idax), and like CXXC4 is thought to modulate the Wnt signaling pathway during development. CXXC5 is upregulated in neural stem cells upon BMP4 stimulation, leading to decreased levels of the Wnt-signaling target AXIN2 and facilitated the response of the stem cells to Wnt3a. Recent reports suggest CXXC5 transcription is activated by the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) transcription factor, and together are involved in the WNT/beta-catenin pathway and play a role in embryonic kidney development.

Supplier: Genetex

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, diarrhoeal and respiratory infections account for 78% of deaths caused by infectious disease. As many infectious diseases are controlled, new diseases emerge and old diseases become resistant to current drugs. Many infectious diseases have been associated with an increase risk of carcinoma. Influenza continues to attract researchers as new strains appear by the ability of the influenza gene to mix with different forms of the virus. Recently, research on SARS and West Nile virus has risen due to the increased number of infections. These antibodies assist in research by detecting the infectious disease agent.

Supplier: Adipogen

Netrin-1 controls guidance of CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons. Its association with either DCC or some UNC5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. It also serve as a survival factor via its association with its receptors which prevent the initiation of apoptosis. Netrin-1 is also Involved in tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis. Netrin-1 promotes atherosclerosis by retaining macrophages in the artery wall. Netrin-1 also governs induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) formation and improves reprogramming efficiency of human and mouse somatic cells by limiting apoptosis mediated by Netrin-1 receptors DCC or UNC5b.

Supplier: Prosci

Two Beclin-1-interacting proteins, the run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein (Rubicon) and ATG14L, reciprocally regulate autophagy at different stages. Knockdown of Rubicon caused enhancement of autophagy while that of ATG14L caused a defect in autophagosome formation. Rubicon functions as part of a Beclin-1-PIK3C3-containing autophagy complex and is also an essential, positive regulator of the NAPDH oxidase complex. Upon microbial infection or TLR2 activation, Rubicon interacts with the CYBA subunit of the NAPDH oxidase complex, leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines.

Supplier: Prosci

Ephrin-A4 (EFNA4) is also known as EPH-related receptor tyrosine kinase ligand 4 (LERK4), EPLG4, which belongs to the ephrin family. EFNA4 contains one ephrin RBD (ephrin receptor-binding) domain. EFNA4 is cell surface GPI-bound ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. EFNA4 binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. EFNA4 may play a role in the interaction between activated B-lymphocytes and dendritic cells in tonsils.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors, is comprised of five invariable chains ranging from 16-28 kDa and is closely associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). CD3 is expressed on 70-80% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and on 10-20% of thymocytes. It plays a major role in signaling during antigen recognition, leading to T cell activation. The monoclonal antibody UCHT1 reacts with the 20 kDa ε chain of the CD3/TCR complex.

Supplier: Genetex

sRANKL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This protein was shown to be a dentritic cell survival factor and is involved in the regulation of T cell-dependent immune response. T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

SPT1 Antibody: Serine palmitoyltransferase, which consists of two different subunits, is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It converts L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. SPT1 is the long chain base subunit 1 of mammalian serine palmitoyltransferase. SPT1 is not catalytically active but is necessary for the stabilization of the SPT2 subunit and anchoring the holoenzyme to the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. Missense mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). These mutations induce a shift in the substrate specificity of the holoenzyme, leading to the formation and accumulation of two neurotoxic sphingolipids.

Supplier: Prosci

MECR Antibody: The mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (MECR), was initially identified as nuclear receptor-binding factor 1 (NRBF1), which can interact with a multitude of nuclear hormone receptors in the presence of the respective ligands. MECR has been shown to be part of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) system and to catalyze the NAPDH-dependent reduction of 2-enoyl thioesters, generating saturated acyl-groups. Overexpression of this gene in transgenic mice can lead to cardiac abnormalities, suggesting that inappropriate expression of genes of FAS II can result in the development of hereditary cardiomyopathy.

Supplier: Prosci

CCDC55 Antibody: CCDC55, also known as Nuclear speckle-related protein 70 (NSrp70), was initially identified by the NIH Mammalian Gene Collection. Nuclear speckles are known to be the storage sites of mRNA splicing regulators. CCDC55 has been suggested to modulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing in vivo. It co-localizes and physically interacts with the SR proteins SC35 and ASF/SF2, essential splicing factors which are required for constitutive splicing and can regulate alternative mRNA splicing. Loss of CCDC55 in mice leads to early embryonic lethality highlights the importance of the functional role of CCDC55.

Supplier: Prosci

GSTP1 (glutathione-S-transferase, pi 1), also called GST3/DFN7, which is located on chromosome 11q13 , is a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione. GSTP1 act like a tumor suppressor gene, which when inactivated leads to tumor growth, and the -class glutathione S-transferase is commonly inactivated by somatic CpGisland hypermethylation in cancers of the prostate, liver, and breast. Methylation of regulatory sequences at the GSTP1 gene locus is found in the vast majority (>90%) of prostate carcinomas and is associated with transcriptional down-regulation.