46849 Results for: "Stainers and Equipment, Electron Microscopy Sciences"

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The FERM and PDZ domain containing (FRMPD) protein family consists of four proteins that contain a FERM (Four-point-one, erzin, radixin, moesin) domain and at least one PDZ (PSD-95/Discs large/Zonula-occuldens-1) domain. FRMPD4, also known as Preso, also contains another protein interaction domain termed WW (domain with two conserved Trp residues) at its amino terminus. It was identified through a yeast two-hybrid screen using the PDZ domain of PSD-95 as bait and is highly expressed in multiple regions of the brain and is enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions. Overexpression of FRMPD4 in cultured hippocampal neurons significantly increased the linear density of dendritic spines without changing their length and width; conversely, knockdown experiments using RNAi caused a decrease in spine density, indicating FRMPD4 positively regulates dendritic spine density but not morphology. The decreased level of FRMPD4 also resulted in reduced levels of excitatory synaptic transmission, suggesting that FRMPD4 is required for maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission.

Supplier: Adipogen

The most prominent members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily are IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. They lack a signal peptide and are secreted by an unconventional, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent mechanism. IL-1alpha was reported to be more widely and constitutively expressed and has intracellular functions, but also acts locally in a membrane-bound form by activating IL-1R1. Additionally, passive release of IL-1alpha upon cell death can trigger a sterile inflammatory response to dying cells. The cleavage of IL-1alpha is not mediated by caspase-1 and is not required for binding to IL-1R1. Recently it has been observed that all activators of the inflammasome NLRP3/NALP3 induce the simultaneous secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. Although most activators fully rely on the inflammasome for IL-1alpha secretion, some induce the processing and secretion of IL-1alpha in an inflammasome-independent manner.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel IL-12 family cytokine produced by regulatory T cells (Treg) but not by resting or activated effector T cells (Teff). IL-35 is a heterodimeric protein composed of EBI3 (Epstein-Barr-Virus-induced gene 3) and IL-12a (p35). EBI3 is a downstream target of Foxp3, a transcription factor required for Treg-cell development and function, and thus Treg-cell restriction of IL35 occurs. Regulatory T cells are essential for maintaining self tolerance and preventing autoimmunity, and IL-35 is identified as a molecule that mediates the immune suppression function of Treg-cell. As an inhibitory cytokine, IL-35 induces proliferation of Treg-cell populations but suppresses Th17 cell development. Studies in mice show the absence of either IL-35 chain from Treg-cell reduces the cells' ability to suppress inflammation using an experimental model for inflammatory bowel disease. IL-35 is suggested as a potential target of immunotherapy. Recently, insufficient IL-35 levels were shown to play a pivotal role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune diseases.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

Maxwell RSC Standard Warranty.

Supplier: Adipogen

The most prominent members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily are IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. They lack a signal peptide and are secreted by an unconventional, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent mechanism. IL-1alpha was reported to be more widely and constitutively expressed and has intracellular functions, but also acts locally in a membrane-bound form by activating IL-1R1. Additionally, passive release of IL-1alpha upon cell death can trigger a sterile inflammatory response to dying cells. The cleavage of IL-1alpha is not mediated by caspase-1 and is not required for binding to IL-1R1. Recently it has been observed that all activators of the inflammasome NLRP3/NALP3 induce the simultaneous secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. Although most activators fully rely on the inflammasome for IL-1alpha secretion, some induce the processing and secretion of IL-1alpha in an inflammasome-independent manner.

Supplier: ReVacc Scientific

This pseudotyped virus uses recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) to carry spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (GenBank: MN908947) with multiple mutations identified in variant of B.1.1.7 (Alpha strain), including: ΔH69/V70, ΔY144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H. The spike protein has a 18-aa cytoplasmic tail truncation for optimal infection

Supplier: Adipogen

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1 or CD274) is a member of the growing B7 family of immune proteins that provide signals for both stimulating and inhibiting T cell activation. CD274 has been identified as one of two ligands for programmed death 1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 family of immunoreceptors. CD274 is widely expressed in several organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung, and in lower amounts in thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. CD274 expression is upregulated in a small fraction of activated T and B cells and a much larger fraction of activated monocytes. CD274 expression is also induced in dendritic cells and keratinocytes after IFN-gamma stimulation. CD274 expression is also upregulated in a variety of tumor cell lines. Interaction of CD274 with PD-1 results in inhibition of TCR mediated proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting an inhibitory role in regulating immune responses. The CD274 - PD-1 pathway is involved in the negative regulation of some immune responses and may play an important role in the regulation of peripheral tolerance.

Supplier: Adipogen

The TIM (T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin and mucin) family plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, including allergy, asthma, transplant tolerance, autoimmunity and the response to viral infections. The unique structure of TIM immunoglobulin variable region domains allows highly specific recognition of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Tim-3, a type I transmembrane protein, contains an immunoglobulin and a mucin-like domain in its extracellular portion and a tyrosine phosphorylation motif in its cytoplasmic portion. TIM-3 is preferentially expressed on Th1 and Tc1 cells, and generates an inhibitory signal resulting in apoptosis of Th1 and Tc1 cells. TIM-3 is also expressed on some dendritic cells and can mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cross-presentation of antigen. Tim-3 functions to inhibit aggressive Th1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses. Tim-3 pathway blockade by administration of Tim-3:Fc fusion protein accelerates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice, causes hyperproliferation of Th1 cells and Th1 cytokine release in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and prevents acquisition of transplantation tolerance induced by costimulation blockade.

Supplier: Adipogen

Beclin-1 (Bcl-2 interacting coiled-coil protein; ATG6) is a multifunctional protein, well-known as a key regulator of autophagy and required for the initiation step in autophagosome formation. It interacts with several cofactors (Atg14L, UVRAG, Bif-1, rubicon, Ambra1, HMGB1, nPIST, VMP1, SLAM, IP3R, PINK and survivin) to regulate the lipid kinase PI3K protein and promote formation of PIK3C3/VPS34-containing complexes. These interactions induce autophagy, which is a process of programmed cell survival increased during periods of cell stress and extinguished during the cell cycle. Furthermore, beclin-1 is implicated in numerous biological processes, including adaptation to stress, development, endocytosis, cytokinesis, immunity, infection, tumorigenesis, aging and cell death. Beclin-1 is tightly regulated by diverse mechanisms, such as epigenetic silencing, microRNA regulation, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. Multiple diseases are associated with deficiency or malfunction of beclin-1, including cancer and neurodegeneration.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Adhesion to extracellular matrix regulates cell survival through both integrin engagement and appropriate cell spreading. Anoikis is the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by integrin detachment. Bit1 (Bcl-2 inhibitor of transcription 1) was recently identified as being involved in this process. Bit1 is a mitochondrial protein that is released into the cytoplasm upon onset of apoptosis where it forms a complex with AES, a small Groucho/transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) protein and induces caspase-independent apoptosis. Both AES and TLE proteins are transcriptional co-repressors that play important roles in neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination. It has been suggested that Bit1-AES complexes turn off a survival-promoting gene transcription program controlled by TLE. Interestingly, apoptosis of cells transfected with Bit1 and AES could be inhibited if the cells were allowed to attach to fibronectin through the alpha5beta1 integrin suggesting that the Bit1-AES pathway contributing to anoikis is regulated by integrins, and in particular, the alpha5beta1 integrin.

Supplier: ADMIRAL CRAFT EQUIPMENT CORP.

FORK METAL

Supplier: Adipogen

CCL5, also known as RANTES (Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted), is an 8kDa beta-chemokine that plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response by means of its ability to attract and activate leukocytes. Human and mouse RANTES exhibit cross-species activity on human and mouse cells. CCL5 is secreted by many cell types at inflammatory sites and it exerts a wide range of activities through the receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. In humans, CCR5 binding to CCL5 inhibits the infectivity of R5 (M-tropic) but not X4 (T-tropic) strains of HIV-1. The deposition of CCL5 on activated vascular endothelial cells is crucial for monocyte adhesion to damaged vasculature, but CCL5 oligomerization is not required for the extravasation of adherent leukocytes. CCL5 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through the attraction of proinflammatory macrophages in addition to its actions on tumor cells, stromal cells and the vasculature.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, type 2 subfamily. It is expressed by monocytes, Th1, Th0, NK and dendritic cells. Isoform 1 is specifically expressed in NK cells. IL-23 functions in innate and adaptive immunity and may participate in acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL-23 may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and be important for tumorigenesis. IL-23R associates with IL-12RB1 to form the interleukin-23 receptor. It binds IL-23 and mediates T cells, NK cells and possibly certain macrophage/myeloid cells stimulation probably through activation of the Jak-Stat signaling cascade. Genetic variations in IL-23R are associated with inflammatory bowel disease type 17 (IBD17). IBD17 is a chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology. Genetic variations in IL-23R also can cause susceptibility to psoriasis type 7.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Aprotinin is a single chain polypeptide (58 amino-acids) crosslinked by three disulfide bridges, showing competitive and reversible inhibiton of proteolytic and esterolytic activity. Aprotinin forms stable complexes with, and blocks the active sites of serine protease enzymes. It is found in bovine lymph nodes, lung, parotid gland, spleen, liver, pancreas, seminal vesicles, thyroid gland, kidney, mucous membranes of the trachea and esophagus, ovaries, heart, posterior pituitary and cartilage.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at Room Temperature (15-30 °C). Store Desiccated.
L-Asparagine is used in cell culture media and is a component of MEM non-essential amino acids solution. L-Asparagine has been shown to enhance ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells and in cultured IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells. Spore germination in Bacillus subtilis has been increased in the presence of L-asparagine. An isoxazoline RGD mimic platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonist has been prepared by chiral synthesis with L-asparagine as a starting material. L-Asparagine has been utilized in the synthesis of 4-azalysine building blocks for application to combinatorial chemistry.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

Upon purchase, the Maxwell CSC Instrument will be covered by a 1-year Premier Warranty, which covers all parts, labor and shipping to and from our depot repair location plus your choice of a loaner instrument or a visit by a repair technician.

Supplier: Adipogen

Thymidineglycol (TG) is one of the major oxidation products of DNA. Thymidine (T) can be damaged by oxidative stress such as radiation and energy metabolism. Two different pathways to form TG have been suggested. Deoxythymidine in DNA is directly oxidised by hydroxy radical, to form TG. TG can be also formed through an intermediate thymidine chlorohydrin, which is derived from hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from neutrophil myeloperoxidase. Thymidineglycol is derived from DNA, not from RNA. TG is the oxidative stress marker secific for DNA damage. In comparison with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is the best known DNA oxidation product it was shown that in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse liver, 8-OHdG can be stained within 24 hours after LPS treatment. TG can be detected within 6 hours, and remains at least for 72 hours.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

The Orion™ Pro Star PI217 dual channel pH/ion bench meter is designed to provide accurate, reliable electrochemistry testing. Featuring an intuitive interface, enhanced data reporting and robust functionality, the Orion™ Pro Star PI217 meter delivers advanced performance in a modern and simplified package.

Supplier: Adipogen

IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), IL-36beta (IL-1F8) and IL-36gamma (IL-1F9) bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1 and are inhibited by IL-36Ra. The expression of IL-36 cytokines has been shown to occur at different sites including the lung and skin and can be derived from diverse cell types including keratinocytes, bronchial epithelium as well as macrophages, monocytes and different T cell subsets. IL-36 family members induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-23 in BMDC and CD4 T cells. Skin and dendritic cells are targets of the IL-36 interleukins leading to a Th1 response. These cytokines may represent potential targets for immune-mediated inflammatory conditions or, alternatively, could be used as adjuvants in vaccination.

Supplier: ARBOR ASSAYS MS

The Cyclic GMP (cGMP) Direct ELISA Kit from Arbor Assays offers highly sensitive quantification of cGMP in cell lysates, EDTA plasma, urine, saliva, and tissue culture media. Designed for either standard or acetylated protocols, this competitive immunoassay uses a goat anti-rabbit IgG-coated plate, rabbit antibody, and cGMP-peroxidase conjugate. With a detection limit of 0.31 pmol/ml (standard) and 0.091 pmol/ml (acetylated), the assay is ideal for studies involving signal transduction, vascular tone, and hormone signaling. Dual protocol options ensure precision across high- and low-concentration samples in a convenient 2.5-hour workflow.

Supplier: Antyila Scientific

Utilizes diode array technology to scan the entire wavelength range in less than 3 seconds.

Supplier: Adipogen

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1 or CD274) is a member of the growing B7 family of immune proteins that provide signals for both stimulating and inhibiting T cell activation. CD274 has been identified as one of two ligands for programmed death 1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 family of immunoreceptors. CD274 is widely expressed in several organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung, and in lower amounts in thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. CD274 expression is upregulated in a small fraction of activated T and B cells and a much larger fraction of activated monocytes. CD274 expression is also induced in dendritic cells and keratinocytes after IFN-gamma stimulation. CD274 expression is also upregulated in a variety of tumor cell lines. Interaction of CD274 with PD-1 results in inhibition of TCR mediated proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting an inhibitory role in regulating immune responses. The CD274 - PD-1 pathway is involved in the negative regulation of some immune responses and may play an important role in the regulation of peripheral tolerance.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

Maxwell RSC Standard Warranty.

Supplier: Adipogen

The proteolysis of collagens plays an important role in numerous physiological and pathological situations such as morphogenesis, wound healing, arthritis, arteriosclerosis and tumor metastasis. Triple helical type I collagens are made up of two alpha1 (I) and one alpha2 (I) chains, and are found in skin, tendon, ligament and interstitial tissues. Due to their fibrillary structure native collagens are resistant to most proteases. They are substrates for certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which constitute a family of zinc-dependent enzymes catalyzing the degradation of extracellular matrix components. Initial MMP-8 dependent cleavage of collagen into the characteristic ¾ and ¼ fragments has been shown to enable MMP-9 diffusion along the protein helix with preferential binding to the collagen ¾ fragment tail. Finally, untwisting of the helix end results in the local denaturation of the triple helical structure.

Supplier: Hamilton

The Hamilton PRP™-C18 HPLC column is designed to provide high-efficiency, reversed-phase separations over an extended column life in nearly any mobile phase or pH.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at room temperature (15-30 °C)
L-Tyrosine is one of the three aromatic amino acids, and is formed from the hydroxylation of phenylalanine.
L-Tyrosine is used in cell culture media and is a component of MEM amino acids solution. L-Tyrosine has been used in a cell culture study of the amino acid transport system b0,+ in epithelial cells isolated from chicken jejunum.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein within the class I cytokine receptor family, type 4 subfamily. Complex formation between IL-21R and the common gamma chain (gammac) is required for signaling. IL-21R is expressed mainly on B cells (highest on mature, activated, follicular and germinal center B cells), NK cells and activated T cells, but is also found on dendritic cells, alternatively activated macrophages, intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts and epithelial cells and keratinocytes. B cell IL-21R engagement induces Blimp1 (which mediates plasma cell differentiation) and is important for memory responses. IL-21R engagement on mouse NK cells enhances their cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production. IL-21R engagement on CD8+ T cells aids control of viral infection and tumor growth; IL-21R is also necessary for sufficient numbers of regulatory T cells to combat chronic inflammation. IL-21R expression is often upregulated in allergic skin inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Supplier: Promega Corporation

Upon purchase, the Maxwell CSC Instrument will be covered by a 1-year Premier Warranty, which covers all parts, labor and shipping to and from our depot repair location plus your choice of a loaner instrument or a visit by a repair technician.

Supplier: Adipogen

Caspase-2 is a Class I caspase with a long prodomain necessary for nuclear localization. Upon activation of the apoptotic pathway, the procaspase is cleaved into smaller fragments. Caspase-2 is the nuclear apoptotic respondent to cellular genotoxic stress or mitotic catastrophe and is involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Activation occurs upon recruitment to a complex containing a p53-induced death domain protein, PIDD. This suggests caspase-2 can be a nuclear initiator caspase with a requirement for caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation in downstream apoptotic events. In apoptotic pathways resulting from UV-induced DNA damage, processing of caspase-2 occurs downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction and of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, extending a possible role for caspase-2 as a parallel effector caspase.

Supplier: Adipogen

The most prominent members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily are IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. They lack a signal peptide and are secreted by an unconventional, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent mechanism. IL-1alpha was reported to be more widely and constitutively expressed and has intracellular functions, but also acts locally in a membrane-bound form by activating IL-1R1. Additionally, passive release of IL-1alpha upon cell death can trigger a sterile inflammatory response to dying cells. The cleavage of IL-1alpha is not mediated by caspase-1 and is not required for binding to IL-1R1. Recently it has been observed that all activators of the inflammasome NLRP3/NALP3 induce the simultaneous secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. Although most activators fully rely on the inflammasome for IL-1alpha secretion, some induce the processing and secretion of IL-1alpha in an inflammasome-independent manner.