46850 Results for: "Stainers and Equipment, Electron Microscopy Sciences"

Supplier: Adipogen

CD152 and CD28, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD152 and CD28 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD152 and CD28 are composed of a single Ig V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD152 and CD28 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. CD152 was originally identified as a gene that was specifically expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, CD152 transcripts have since been found in both Th1 and Th2, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Whereas, CD28 expression is constitutive on the surfaces of 95% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ T cells and is down regulated upon T cell activation, CD152 expression is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and peaks approximately 24 hours following activation. Although both CD152 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CD152 binds to B71 and B72 with 20-100-fold higher affinity than CD28.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-22 (IL-22), also known as IL-10 related T cell derived inducible factor (ILTIF) was initially identified as a gene induced by IL-9 in mouse T cells and mast cells. IL-22 has been shown to activate STAT1 and STAT3 in several hepatoma cell lines and upregulate the production of acute phase proteins. IL-22 is produced by normal T cells upon anti-CD3 stimulation in humans. Mouse IL-22 expression is also induced in various organs upon lipopolysaccharide injection, suggesting that IL-22 may be involved in inflammatory responses. The functional IL-22 receptor complex consists of two receptor subunits, IL-22R (CRF29) and IL-10Rbeta (CRF24), belonging to the class II cytokine receptor family.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-33 (IL-33; HF-NEV; IL-1F11), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released upon cell lysis. IL33 binds to and signals through ST2 (IL1R1) and its stimulation recruits MYD88, IRAK, IRAK4, and TRAF6, followed by phosphorylation of ERK1(MAPK3)/ERK2(MAPK1), p38(MAPK14), and JNK. The ability of IL-33 to target numerous immune cell types, like Th2-like cells, mast cells, and B1 cells, and to induce cytokine and chemokine production underlines its potential in influencing the outcome of a wide range of diseases, such as arthritis, asthma, atopic allergy & anaphylaxis, cardiovascular disease/atherosclerosis, nervous system diseases, and sepsis.

Supplier: Adipogen

IL-36Ra/IL-1F5 is a highly and a specific antagonist of the IL-1 receptor-related protein 2-mediated response to IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), IL-36beta (IL-1F8) and IL-36gamma (IL-1F9). These cytokines bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1. IL-36Ra inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-23 induced by IL-36 in BMDC and CD4 T cells. Skin and dendritic cells are target of the IL-36 interleukins leading to a Th1 response. Recently mutations that affect the levels and the activity of IL-36Ra have been found in patients with pustular psoriasis, leading to enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 in particular) by keratinocytes.

Supplier: Adipogen

CD152 and CD28, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD152 and CD28 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD152 and CD28 are composed of a single Ig V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD152 and CD28 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. CD152 was originally identified as a gene that was specifically expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, CD152 transcripts have since been found in both Th1 and Th2, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Whereas, CD28 expression is constitutive on the surfaces of 95% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ T cells and is down regulated upon T cell activation, CD152 expression is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and peaks approximately 24 hours following activation. Although both CD152 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CD152 binds to B71 and B72 with 20-100-fold higher affinity than CD28.

Supplier: Adipogen

CD274 (B7-H1; PD-L1; Programmed Death Ligand) is a member of the B7 family and is expressed on a variety of tissues including lymphoid cells. It plays an important role in regulation of T cell activation and is involved in progression of cancer, arthritis and HIV infection. CD274 binding to its receptor CD279 (PD-1) on activated T cells can decrease proliferation. Conversely, ligation of CD279 on primed T cells can stimulate IL-10 production. High levels of CD274 present in renal cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Tumor expressed CD274 can increase apoptosis of tumor specific T cells resulting in better tumor cell survival.

Supplier: Adipogen

GPxs are glutathione peroxidases involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signaling cascades. GPxs have been known to catalyze the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or the corresponding alcohols, respectively, typically using glutathione (GSH) as reductant. GPx8 (probable glutathione peroxidase 8) is a 209-aa, 24kDa protein with an N-terminal cytosolic tip, a predicted transmembrane segment and a catalytic domain located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. GPx8 is a CysGPxs with low glutathione peroxidase activity. A recent study identified GPx8 as a cellular substrate of the hepatitis C virus NS3-4A protease. GPx8 cleavage by NS3-4A occurs at Cys11, removing the cytosolic tip of GPx8 and was observed in different experimental systems as well as in liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Supplier: Adipogen

TIP60 is the catalytic subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex is required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative senescence, apoptosis and DNA repair. NuA4 may also play a direct role in DNA repair when recruited to sites of DNA damage. TIP60 directly acetylates and activates ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). In case of HIV-1 infection, interaction with the viral Tat protein leads to KAT5 polyubiquitination and targets it to degradation.

Supplier: Adipogen

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; Apo2L;CD253; TNFSF10) is a type II transmembrane protein of about 34kDa. Like most members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines TRAIL can be cleaved at the cell surface by metalloproteases to form a soluble molecule. Active TRAIL forms trimers and specifically binds to five distinct receptors: TRAIL-R1 (DR4; Apo2; CD261; TNFRSF10A), TRAIL-R2 (DR5; KILLER; TRICK2A; TRICK2B; CD262; TNFRSF10B), TRAIL-R3 (DcR1; LIT; TRID; CD263; TNFRSF10C), TRAIL-R4 (DcR2; TRUNDD; CD264; TNFRSF10D), and osteoprotegerin (OPG; OCIF; TNFRSF11B). Trimerized TRAIL triggers apoptosis upon ligation of cell surface TRAIL-R1 and/or TRAIL-R2 by inducing the formation of the so-called multiprotein death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). .

Supplier: Adipogen

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I; Ddx58) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or Helicard) are proteins that sense viral replication intermediates, such as double-stranded RNA and triggers the host antiviral programs. These molecules signal the downstream activation of NF-kappaB and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) -3, which coordinately regulate the expression of type-I interferons. Cardif (also called VISA/IPS-1/MAVS) is a new CARD (caspase activation and recruitment domain)-containing adaptor protein that interacts with the CARD domain of RIG-I and MDA5, leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and IRF3. Cardif is located to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Removal of the mitochondrial-targeting domain of cardif abolishes its ability to induce IFNs. Cardif is cleaved and inactivated by NS3-4A, a serine protease from hepatitis C virus known to block interferon-beta production.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Proteinase K is a highly active stable endopeptidase with a broad spectrum of action was isolated by E. Merk's Darmstadt Biochemical Research Department in 1970 from a culture filtrate of the fungus, Tritirachium album Limber. This fungus is able to grow on Keratin (e.g., wool, horn particles) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The isolated protease was, therefore, given the K designation.

Supplier: Adipogen

IL-24 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines that signals through two heterodimeric receptors: IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2. This interleukin is also known as melanoma differentiation-associated 7 (mda-7) due to its discovery as a tumour suppressing protein. IL-24 appears to control cell survival and proliferation by inducing rapid activation of particular transcription factors called STAT1 and STAT3. It is predominantly released by activated monocytes, macrophages and T helper 2 (Th2) cells and acts on non-haematopoietic tissues such as skin, lung and reproductive tissues. IL-24 performs important roles in wound healing, psoriasis and cancer. IL-24 has antiproliferative properties is inhibiting angiogenesis and may contribute to terminal cell differentiation.

Supplier: Adipogen

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the BMP subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. It plays a dominant role in embryonic dorsalventral patterning, organogenesis, limb bud formation and bone formation and regeneration. BMP-2 signals through heterodimeric complexes composed of a type I receptor (Activin RI, BMP-RIA or BMP-RIB) and a type II receptor (BMP-RII or Activin RIIB). BMP-2 induces chondrocyte proliferation, endochondral bone formation, longitudinal bone growth and bone and cartilage repair. It induces ectopic bone formation or calcification by promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal cells, stem cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It also promotes the maintenance and repair of colonic epithelium, suppresses neuronal dopamine synthesis and release, induces apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells and is required for cardiac contractility.

Supplier: IWORX SYSTEMS INC.

This recording module allows recording of up to three channels of ECG, EMG or EEG as well as GSR (galvanic skin response). The recorder includes iWorx LabScribe Recording and Analysis Software and connects directly to a USB port on either a Macintosh or Windows computer. The module connects to the subject by snap-leads to pre-gelled AG/AgCl electrodes for recording bipotential and a finger electrode to record GSR.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Anti-Golden Syrian Hamster IgG Cy3.5 Antibody generated in goat detects Golden Syrian Hamster IgG. Secreted as part of the adaptive immune response by plasma B cells, immunoglobulin G constitutes 75% of serum immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin G binds to viruses, bacteria, as well as fungi and facilitates their destruction or neutralization via agglutination (and thereby immobilizing them), activation of the compliment cascade, and opsinization for phagocytosis. The whole IgG molecule possesses both the F(c) region, recognized by high-affinity Fc receptor proteins, as well as the F(ab) region possessing the epitope-recognition site. Both heavy and light chains of the antibody molecule are present. Secondary Antibodies are available in a variety of formats and conjugate types. When choosing a secondary antibody product, consideration must be given to species and immunoglobulin specificity, conjugate type, fragment and chain specificity, level of cross-reactivity, and host-species source and fragment composition.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

GbetaL (G protein beta protein subunit-like) is a member of a signaling pathway that regulates mammalian cell growth in response to the presence of nutrients and growth factors. It binds to the kinase domain of TOR (Target of rapamycin, also known as mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth and cell cycle through its ability to integrate signals from nutrient levels and growth factors. Rapamycin inhibits TOR resulting in reduced cell growth and reduced rates of cell cycle and cell proliferation. TOR is normally associated with GbetaL and an additional regulatory protein RAPTOR, allowing TOR to control protein biosynthesis. The binding of GbetaL to TOR stimulates TOR's kinase activity towards downstream proteins such as RPS6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase) and the translation factor 4E-BP1 which leads to increased protein translation and cell growth.

Supplier: Greiner Bio-One

Designed for use in the examination of whole blood in hematology applications, EDTA tubes feature interior walls that are coated with either K2EDTA or K3EDTA.

Supplier: Caron Products

Caron Environmental Test Chambers precisely control temperature and humidity conditions. Key standard features include a touchscreen user interface, built-in preventative maintenance, gVapor steam-free precision controlled humidity, gROD Refrigeration on Demand control system, a tool-less removable interior, sliding shelves, a horizontal airflow system that generates gentle and evenly distributed airflow across all shelf locations, heated triple-pane glass door (on 708 and 934 l models).

Supplier: Labconco

CentriVap™ Pro benchtop vacuum concentrators are designed to rapidly concentrate multiple small samples using centrifugal force, vacuum and heat.

Supplier: Hach

In 24 hours, Hach's m-ColiBlue24® broth give the simultaneous results for total coliforms and E. coli. Hach's ready-to-use media eliminates measuring, mixing, and autoclaving steps necessary to prepare dehydrated media. Glass ampules, plastic ampules, 100 ml bottles of m-ColiBlue24® and agar plates, afford maximum shelf life and ease of use for pre-measured and prepared media. Enumerate total coliforms and E. coli on one petri dish. Differentiate colonies easily - red and blue indicate total coliforms and blue specifies E. coli. Get optimal recovery of stressed and injured organisms. Use m-ColiBlue24® broth to accurately monitor and evaluate total coliform and E. coli in drinking water; wastewater; bottled water; beverages; surface, ground, and well water; and ultrapure, chemical processing and pharmaceutical processing waters. With ready-to-use m-ColiBlue24® Broth, you can:

Supplier: VWR International

Optimize projects with the Mega Star 4.0 general purpose centrifuge series. These versatile, high capacity benchtop centrifuges provide maximum sample security and reproducibility in an intuitive, easy to use platform. Choose between a ventilated or refrigerated 4.0 L model, sold as an individual centrifuge or a package, to optimize bench space and productivity.

Supplier: Eppendorf

The range of Eppendorf 5702 general purpose, low-speed centrifuges has been designed specifically to meet the needs of mid-throughput clinical research and cell culture laboratories. These centrifuges are very compact, so that they fit easily on the laboratory bench, as well as extremely quiet.

Supplier: SenseAnywhere

The SenseAnywhere temp only module offers precise temperature monitoring from −40 to +70 °C with swift response time, ideal for dynamic environments and hard-to-reach spaces. Compatible with the AiroSensor 20-20-43, it meets top accuracy standards and can extend its range with SAB extension cables.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Fibulin 3, also known as epidermal growth factor (EGF)-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), is a member of the fibulin family of extracellular glycoproteins, a group of proteins that are widely distributed and frequently associated with vascular and elastic tissues. The fibulin proteins typically contain a tandem array of EGF-like repeats and a fibulin-type COOH-terminal module. Aberrant accumulation of Fibulin 3 in the endoplasmic reticulum of retinal pigment epithelial cells has been shown to be associated with inherited forms of macular degeneration, but the loss of Fibulin 3 expression does not lead to macular degeneration but rather the appearance of hernias due to a reduction of elastic fibers of fascial connective tissue. Recent experiments have shown that expression of Fibulin 3 promotes tumor growth and may thus be a therapeutic target. At least three isoforms of Fibulin 3 are known to exist. This antibody is predicted to not cross-react with other Fibulin proteins.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. These death signals finally cause the degradation of chromosomal DNA by activated DNase. DFF45/ICAD has been identified as inhibitor of caspase activated DNase DFF40/CAD. DFF45 related proteins CIDE-A and CIDE-B (for cell death-inducing DFF-like effector A and B) were recently identified. CIDE contains a new type of domain termed CIDE-N, which has high homology with the regulatory domains of DFF45/ICAD and DFF40/CAD. Expression of CIDE-B induces apoptosis, which is inhibited by DFF45. CIDE-B is a DFF45-inhibitable effector that promotes cell death and DNA fragmentation. CIDE-B is expressed mainly in liver and at lower levels in spleen, kidney, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

BRSK2 was initially identified through a computer screen of the human genome and shows significant homology to the C. elegans neuronal cell polarity regulator SAD1. BRSK2 is expressed in the brain and to a lesser extent in the testes. BRSK2 is a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase subfamily and can be activated by the tumor suppressor kinase LKB1. More recently, it has been shown that both BRSK2 and the related protein BRSK1 are required for mammalian neuronal polarization. While BRSK1- and BRSK2-null mice were viable, double-mutant mice died within two hours of birth. Neurons from these mice showed uniformly-sized neurites as opposed to the normal long axon and multiple shorter dendrites. These neurites also displayed both axonal and dendritic markers. BRSK2 has also been shown to be an autoantigen in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. At least four isoforms of BRSK2 are known to exist.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Adhesion to extracellular matrix regulates cell survival through both integrin engagement and appropriate cell spreading. Anoikis is the molecular mechanism of apop-tosis induced by integrin detachment. Amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES) is a member of the Groucho/ transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) family of transcriptional regulators, a group of transcriptional co-repressors that play important roles in neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination. AES forms a complex with Bit1 (Bcl-2 inhibitor of transcription 1), a mitochondrial protein that is released into the cytoplasm upon onset of apoptosis. It has been suggested that this complex turns off a survival-promoting gene transcription program controlled by the TLE protein family. Interestingly, apoptosis of cells transfected with AES and Bit1 could be inhibited if the cells were allowed to attach to fibronectin through the alpha5beta1 integrin suggesting that the Bit1-AES pathway contributing to anoikis is regulated by integrins, and in particular, the alpha5beta1 integrin.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Anti-Guinea Pig IgG Cy3.5 Antibody generated in goat detects guinea pig IgG. Secreted as part of the adaptive immune response by plasma B cells, immunoglobulin G constitutes 75% of serum immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin G binds to viruses, bacteria, as well as fungi and facilitates their destruction or neutralization via agglutination (and thereby immobilizing them), activation of the compliment cascade, and opsinization for phagocytosis. The whole IgG molecule possesses both the F(c) region, recognized by high-affinity Fc receptor proteins, as well as the F(ab) region possessing the epitope-recognition site. Both heavy and light chains of the antibody molecule are present. Secondary Antibodies are available in a variety of formats and conjugate types. When choosing a secondary antibody product, consideration must be given to species and immunoglobulin specificity, conjugate type, fragment and chain specificity, level of cross-reactivity, and host-species source and fragment composition.

Supplier: Avantor Fluid Handling

Networking drives offer either native EtherNet/IP™ or Profibus communication-no additional hardware or firmware required.

Supplier: VWR International

Optimize projects with the Mega Star 1.6 general purpose centrifuge series. These versatile compact benchtop centrifuges provide maximum sample security and reproducibility in an intuitive, easy to use platform. Choose between a ventilated or refrigerated compact benchtop 1.6 L model, sold as an individual centrifuge or a package, to enhance productivity.