784 Results for: "Proteomics"

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

OLINK REVEAL

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce EDC is a carboxyl- and amine-reactive zero-length crosslinker. EDC reacts with a carboxyl group first and forms an amine-reactive O-acylisourea intermediate that quickly reacts with an amino group to form an amide bond with release of an isourea by-product. The intermediate is unstable in aqueous solutions and so two-step conjugation procedures rely on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for stabilization. Failure to react with an amine will result in hydrolysis of the intermediate, regeneration of the carboxyl, and release of an N-substituted urea. A side reaction is the formation of an N-acylurea, which is usually restricted to carboxyls located in hydrophobic regions of proteins.

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

KIT EXPLORE INSTALLATION

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce Premium Grade Sulfo-SMCC is our highest quality formulation of amine-to-sulfhydryl crosslinker, specially characterized for applications where product integrity and risk minimization are paramount.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at -20 °C. Store Desiccated. Store Under Nitrogen. Protect from light.
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside, commonly known as X−Gal, is a histochemical substrate for β−galactosidase.
5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside is used as indigogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, for detection of β-galactosidase-positive clones, and the identification of lac and bacterial colonies or phage plaques. It is the substrate of choice for blue-white selection of recombinant bacterial colonies with the lac+ genotype. X−Gal is cleaved by β−galactosidase to yield an insoluble blue precipitate. X−Gal is particularly useful in molecular biology applications to detect the activity of β−galactosidase which is frequently used as a reporter gene. In cloning, X−Gal is used to detect insertion of foreign DNA into the lacZ region of plasmid DNA using α-complementation which is based on vectors such as the pUC and the M13mp series that carry a fragment of the β-galactosidase gene encoding an α-fragment of β-galactosidase.

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

KIT REAGENT TARGENT 48 CYTOKINE

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Tris have been useful as buffers in a wide variety of biological systems. It has been used as a starting material for polymers, oxazolones (with carboxylic acids) and oxazolidines (with aldehydes). It does not precipitate calcium salts and is of value in maintaining solubility of manganese salts. It can be used for the direct standardization of a strong acid solution; the equivalence point can be determined either potentiometrically or by use of a suitable indicator such as 3-(4-Dimethylamino-1-naphthylazo)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid. It is RNAse and DNAse-free. Tris is relatively non-hygroscopic ; but, if needed, it can be dried at 100 °C for up to 4 hours to remove any water.
Tris is used in pH control in vitro and in vivo for body fluids and in buffering systems for electrophoresis applications.Tris is used in assays used to characterize the activity and kinetics of the enzymes that catalyze SUMOylation of Small ubiquitin-like proteins (SUMO) and SUMO-dependent protein-protein interactions.

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

IFC 96.96 FOR PROTEIN EXPRESSION

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

REAGENT EXPLORE HT SAMPLE PREP

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

REAGENT KIT EXPLORE 384 INFLAMMATION

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

CYTOKINE IMMUNE SURVEILANCE BUNDLE

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

PLATE OLINK SIGN Q100 INTERFACE 48.48

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

REAGENT-CONTROL FLEX21 F/SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Supplier: OLINK PROTEOMICS, INC MS

KIT TARGET 96 INFLAMMATION REAGENT

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce EDC is a carboxyl- and amine-reactive zero-length crosslinker. EDC reacts with a carboxyl group first and forms an amine-reactive O-acylisourea intermediate that quickly reacts with an amino group to form an amide bond with release of an isourea by-product. The intermediate is unstable in aqueous solutions and so two-step conjugation procedures rely on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for stabilization. Failure to react with an amine will result in hydrolysis of the intermediate, regeneration of the carboxyl, and release of an N-substituted urea. A side reaction is the formation of an N-acylurea, which is usually restricted to carboxyls located in hydrophobic regions of proteins.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Room Temperature, desiccate
Protamine sulfate is a purified mixture of simple protein principles obtained from the sperm or testes of suitable species of fish, which has the property of neutralizing heparin. Because of having many basic amino acids (mostly arginine) protamine contains far greater nitrogen than other proteins. Its molecular weight is relatively small. Histone and other basic proteins in the testes of unmatured fishes convert into protamine along with the growth of the fishes. In the testes, protamine takes the form of nucleoprotamine linked with DNA.
Protamine Sulfate is a raw material for study preparations like insulin compounds, and etc. It is used in separation and refining of vaccines. It is a reagent for removing nucleic acids from enzyme solution for the purpose of easy separation and refining. Protamine in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) promoted transfection with plasmid DNA more efficiently and with less cytotoxicity than comparable SLNs composed of Esterquat-1.
Protamine sulfate is a small cationic protein that binds and precipitates DNA. Inhibits lipoprotein lipase. Protamine sulfate shown to inhibit the classical pathway of complement. It inhibits turnover of lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase.

Supplier: Cube Biotech

Sulfo-SMA is an electroneutral modification of existing SMAs. It does not interfere with charge-sensitive interactions between proteins and lipids. This innovation opens up a wider range of experimental research in terms of charge-sensitive membrane protein processes like protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. In addition, Sulfo-SMA belongs to a new generation of SMA’s which are RAFT polymerized. This achieves a reduction in both monomer size and greater monodispersity.
Another significant advantage of Sulfo polymers compared to other polymers is the wide pH range in which they remain stable. The buffer in which the polymer is supplied has a pH of 7.5, but the polymer itself remains stable between pH 4 and pH 10.
The special physicochemical properties of Sulfo-SMAs make them ideal for cryo-TEM and other downstream applications.
After successful membrane protein solubilization, the protein can be purified using affinity chromatography. For membrane protein purification, we recommend using the Rho1D4-tag. Cube Biotech offers matching products for this purpose.
Good publications to find details about Sulfo-SMA and Sulfo-DIBMA are:
Glueck et al. (2022)
Janson et al. (2022)
Eggenreich et al. (2023)

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Guanidine Hydrochloride is a protein denaturant and thus having an important role in molecular weight determinations.
Guanidine Hydrochloride is a strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins. This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies. This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary. Guanidine HCl is used in the isolation of RNA to dissociate the nucleoprotein into its nucleic acid and protein moieties. It is an inhibitor of RNase. Highly concentrated (6 - 8 M) Guanidine HCl solutions are used to denature native globular proteins. It apparently disrupts hydrogen bonds which hold the protein in its unique structure. However, there also is evidence suggesting that guanidine hydrocholoride may disrupt hydrophobic interactions by promoting the solubility of hydrophobic residues in aqueous solutions.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Tris have been useful as buffers in a wide variety of biological systems. It has been used as a starting material for polymers, oxazolones (with carboxylic acids) and oxazolidines (with aldehydes). It does not precipitate calcium salts and is of value in maintaining solubility of manganese salts. It can be used for the direct standardization of a strong acid solution; the equivalence point can be determined either potentiometrically or by use of a suitable indicator such as 3-(4-Dimethylamino-1-naphthylazo)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid. It is RNAse and DNAse-free. Tris is relatively non-hygroscopic; but, if needed, it can be dried at 100°C for up to 4 hours to remove any water.
Tris is used in pH control in vitro and in vivo for body fluids and in buffering systems for electrophoresis applications. Tris is used in assays used to characterize the activity and kinetics of the enzymes that catalyze SUMOylation of Small ubiquitin-like proteins (SUMO) and SUMO-dependent protein-protein interactions.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Glycine is an non-essential amino acid with no asymmetric carbon and major inhibitory neurotransmitter. It can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom. It contains heavy metals ≤ 20 ppm. It is commonly used as a component in Tris-glycine and Tris-glycine-SDS running buffers for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a component of Towbin's transfer buffer for Western blots, a buffer substance in cryoenzymology, in osmotic pressure maintenance in isoelectric focusing of erythrocytes, salting-in effect in protein chemistry, and as a buffer component in the coupled phosphatase-kinase reaction for end labelling of restriction fragments.
Glycine is a component of Tris-glycine and Tris-glycine-SDS running buffers for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Glycine is also a component of Towbin's transfer buffer for Western blots.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, allosteric regulator of NMDA receptors.

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce TCEP-HCl is a potent, versatile, odorless, thiol-free reducing agent with broad application to protein and other research involving reduction of disulfide bonds. The unique compound is easily soluble and very stable in many aqueous solutions. TCEP reduces disulfide bonds as effectively as dithiothreitol (DTT), but unlike DTT and other thiol-containing reducing agents, TCEP does not have to be removed before certain sulfhydryl-reactive crosslinking reactions.

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce DSP (Lomant's Reagent) is a water-insoluble, homo-bifunctional N-hydroxysuccimide ester (NHS ester) crosslinker that is thiol-cleavable, primary amine-reactive, and useful for many applications. DSP contains an amine-reactive NHS ester at each end of an 8-carbon spacer arm. NHS esters react with primary amines at pH 7–9 to form stable amide bonds and releasing N-hydroxy-succinimide. Proteins, including antibodies, generally have several primary amines in the side chain of lysine (K) residues and the N-terminus of each polypeptide that are available as targets for NHS ester crosslinking reagents. DSP is non-sulfonated and insoluble in water, so it must first be dissolved in an organic solvent and then added to the aqueous reaction mixture. Because DSP does not possess a charged group, it is lipophilic and membrane-permeable and so useful for intracellular and intramembrane conjugation. A sulfonated analog of DSP (DTTSP) is water soluble. DSS, the non-cleavable analog of the DSP crosslinker is also available for applications that require a stable spacer arm that cannot be cleaved in the presence of reducing agents.

Supplier: Cube Biotech

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 6-55 - are highly-alternating copolymers, well-suited for generating native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 6-55 gets its name from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general, lighter AASTYs, like 6-55 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-45 show higher thermodynamic stability.

The exact composition of AASTY copolymers shows different extraction efficiency, depending on the lipid composition of the lipid bilayers being formulated into nanodiscs. As AASTY is made by controlled radical polymerization techniques, the dispersity of polymer molecular weight distribution is low, and the molecular weights are controlled. This means that excess AASTY copolymer can be removed by dialysis after nanodisc formation. Based on previous findings on SMA, it is the expectation that AASTY of different molecular weights will display different rates of nanodisc formation, extraction efficacy, and stability of resulting nanodiscs.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process, we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all. Additionally, we recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Cube Biotech

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 11-55 - are highly alternating copolymers, well-suited for generating native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 11-55 is named from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general lighter AASTYs, like 6-45 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-55 show higher thermodynamic stability.

The exact composition of AASTY copolymers shows different extraction efficiencies, depending on the lipid composition of the lipid bilayers being formulated into nanodiscs. As AASTY is made by controlled radical polymerization techniques, the dispersity of polymer molecular weight distribution is low, and the molecular weights are controlled. This means that excess AASTY copolymer can be removed by dialysis after nanodisc formation. Based on previous findings on SMA, it is the expectation that AASTY of different molecular weights will display different rates of nanodisc formation, extraction efficacy, and stability of resulting nanodiscs.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all. Additionally, we recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce SMCC is a hetero-bifunctional crosslinker that contain N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups that allow covalent conjugation of amine- and sulfhydryl-containing molecules. NHS esters react with primary amines at pH 7–9 to form amide bonds, while maleimides react with sulfhydryl groups at pH 6.5–7.5 to form stable thioether bonds. In aqueous solutions, NHS ester hydrolytic degradation is a competing reaction whose rate increases with pH. The maleimide group is more stable than the NHS-ester group, but will slowly hydrolyze and lose its reaction specificity for sulfhydryls at pH values > 7.5. For these reasons, conjugations with these crosslinkers are usually performed at pH 7.2–7.5, with the NHS ester (amine-targeted) reacted before or simultaneous with the maleimide (sulfhydryl-targeted) reaction.

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce SMCC is a hetero-bifunctional crosslinker that contain N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and maleimide groups that allow covalent conjugation of amine- and sulfhydryl-containing molecules. NHS esters react with primary amines at pH 7–9 to form amide bonds, while maleimides react with sulfhydryl groups at pH 6.5–7.5 to form stable thioether bonds. In aqueous solutions, NHS ester hydrolytic degradation is a competing reaction whose rate increases with pH. The maleimide group is more stable than the NHS-ester group, but will slowly hydrolyze and lose its reaction specificity for sulfhydryls at pH values > 7.5. For these reasons, conjugations with these crosslinkers are usually performed at pH 7.2–7.5, with the NHS ester (amine-targeted) reacted before or simultaneous with the maleimide (sulfhydryl-targeted) reaction.

Supplier: Cube Biotech

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 6-50 - are highly-alternating copolymers, well-suited for the generation of native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 6-50 gets its name from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general lighter AASTYs, like 6-50 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-45 show higher thermodynamic stability.

The exact composition of AASTY copolymers shows different extraction efficiency, depending on the lipid composition of the lipid bilayers being formulated into nanodiscs. As AASTY is made using controlled radical polymerization techniques, the dispersity of polymer molecular weight distribution is low, and the molecular weights are controlled. This means that excess AASTY copolymer can be removed by dialysis after nanodisc formation. Based on previous findings on SMA, it is the expectation that AASTY of different molecular weights will display different rates of nanodisc formation, extraction efficacy, and stability of resulting nanodiscs.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all. Additionally, we recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Cube Biotech

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 11-45 - are highly alternating copolymers, well-suited for the generation of native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 11-45 gets its name from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general lighter AASTYs, like 6-45 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-45 show higher thermodynamic stability.

The exact composition of AASTY copolymers shows different extraction efficiency, depending on the lipid composition of the lipid bilayers being formulated into nanodiscs. As AASTY is made by controlled radical polymerization techniques, the dispersity of polymer molecular weight distribution is low, and the molecular weights are controlled. This means that excess AASTY copolymer can be removed by dialysis after nanodisc formation. Based on previous findings on SMA, it is the expectation that AASTY of different molecular weights will display different rates of nanodisc formation, extraction efficacy, and stability of resulting nanodiscs.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process, we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all. Additionally, we recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Cube Biotech

AASTYs (Acrylic acid-co-styrenes) - like AASTY 6-45 - are highly alternating copolymers, well-suited for generating native lipid nanodiscs. They are a 2022 novel developed series for membrane protein solubilization & stabilization. AASTY 6-45 gets it's name from its molecular weight and Acrylic Acid : Styrene Ratio. These varying ratios of acrylic acid to styrene contribute to the hydrophilic properties of our AASTYs. In general lighter AASTYs, like 6-45 tend to be more aggressive, while heavier AASTYs, such as 11-45 show higher thermodynamic stability.

The exact composition of AASTY copolymers shows different extraction efficiency, depending on the lipid composition of the lipid bilayers being formulated into nanodiscs. As AASTY is made by controlled radical polymerization techniques, the dispersity of polymer molecular weight distribution is low, and the molecular weights are controlled. This means that excess AASTY copolymer can be removed by dialysis after nanodisc formation. Based on previous findings on SMA, it is the expectation that AASTY of different molecular weights will display different rates of nanodisc formation, extraction efficacy, and stability of resulting nanodiscs.

Every membrane protein solubilization needs to undergo a screening process before. The characteristic phospholipid environment surrounding the different membrane proteins in question performs differently well with each polymer. To support you in this process we offer a handy Screening Kit for AASTYs to test them all. Additionally, we recommend the two following publications if you would like to get further information: Smith et al. 2020 & Timcenko et al. 2022

Supplier: Cube Biotech

Sulfo-DIBMA is an electroneutral modification of existing DIBMAs. It does not interfere with charge-sensitive interactions between proteins and lipids. This innovation opens up a wider range of experimental research in terms of charge-sensitive membrane protein processes like protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. In addition, Sulfo-DIBMA belongs to a new generation of DIBMA’s which are RAFT polymerized. This achieves a reduction in both monomer size and greater monodispersity. With diisobutylene-maleic acid (DIBMA), you can directly extract membrane proteins from cells without an intermediate step of detergent solubilization, like with SDS, which would usually interfere with the protein's function. Another advantage of DIBMA is the lack of an absorbance maxima at 280 nm. SMAs, in comparison, usually interfere with protein quantification, as aromatic amino acids absorb at the same spectrum.
Another significant advantage of Sulfo polymers compared to other polymers is the wide pH range in which they remain stable. The buffer in which the polymer is supplied has a pH of 7.5, but the polymer itself remains stable between pH 4 and pH 10. The special physicochemical properties of Sulfo-DIBMAs make them ideal for cryo-TEM and other downstream applications.
Good publications to find details about Sulfo-DIBMA and Sulfo-SMA are:
Oluwole et al. (2017)
Glueck et al. (2022)
Janson et al. (2022)
Eggenreich et al. (2023)