1012 Results for: "Biochemical Reagents"

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

SDS is an detergent typically used to solubilize and denature proteins for electrophoresis. SDS has also been used in large-scale phenol extraction of RNA to promote the dissociation of protein from nucleic acids when extracting from biological material. SDS is used in Protein Electrophoresis & Blotting.

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 is one of the most common forms of coomassie dye, which is a key component of various colorimetric protein gel stains.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Physiological chelating agent for heavy metals.
It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson′s disease. It is used as a copper chelator to form mixed disulfides with cysteine or other sulfide media components. It is used to inactivate protein-1 DNA binding and to inhibit the growth of asynchronous cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes.
Penicillamine is a characteristic degradation product of penicillin type antibiotics. One atom of copper combines with two molecules of penicillamine. Penicillamine reduces excess cystine excretion in cystinuria. This is by disulfide interchange between penicillamine and cystine, which results in formation of a readily excreted penicillamine-cysteine disulfide. Penicillamine interferes with the formation of cross-links between tropocollagen molecules and cleaves them when newly formed. Penicillamine lowers IgM rheumatoid factor and depresses T-cell activity.
+4°C

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate has been used in organic synthesis to break up emulsions in aqueous workups.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Rabbit Anti-Maltose Binding Protein (MBP) Epitope Tag Biotin Conjugated Antibody

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

This product acts by binding to the 30S and 50S subunits, causing miscoding and inhibiting initiation and elongation during protein synthesis.

Supplier: DRG International

An enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of free prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) in serum or plasma.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

PMA (Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate) is a diester of phorbol and is a tumor promoting compound extracted from croton oil. It is a reversible, highly potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator in vitro and in vivo at nM concentrations. PMA’s effects on PKC are attributed to its similarity to diacylgylerol, a natural activator of PKC.
PMA activates Ca2+- ATPase and potentiates forskolin-induced cAMP formation. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by the Fas antigen, but PMA induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Potent tumor promoter; activates protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro.
Store at -20 °C. Protect from light.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) has been used as a chromogenic substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP), both in general activity assays and in ELISA applications. Activity of HRP using ABTS appears about four-fold higher than using pyrogallol. It is mainly used as a substrate in sensitive peroxidase assays.
2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) is a peroxidase substrate suitable for use in ELISA procedures. This substrate produces a soluble end product that is green in color and can be read spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The reaction may be stopped with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Recommended for ELISA (microwell) procedures, not recommended for membrane applications.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Trichloroacetic acid is an acetic acid analogue commonly used to precipitate proteins, DNA and RNA. In the presence of SDS Trichloroacetic acid will precipitate proteins which can then be quantified by the Lowry method. The compound has also found uses as a decalcifier and fixative in microscopy, in protein sequencing, detecting albumin and organic synthesis.
Trichloroacetic acid is used in protein precipitation; has been used to determine protein concentration by quantitative precipitation. It is also used as a decalcifier and fixative in microscopy. A protocol for the precipitation of nucleic acids can be found in Molecular Cloning. Rats exposed to chronic sublethal amounts of trichloroacetic acid displayed an increase in serum bilirubin with a decrease in hematological proteins and cholesterols along with significant decreases in red blood corpuscles, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, hemoglobin and hematocrit. In mice the production of liver tumors was associated to Trichloroacetic acid, which is also a known mouse hepatocarinogen. On the guinea pig trichloroacetic acid was observed to be a mild alergen on the skin.
+4 °C

Supplier: ROWLEY BIOCHEMICAL INST. MS

REAGENT MAYERS HEMATOXYLIN 8OZ

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Citric acid is a key metabolic intermediate. Citrate is the starting point of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Its concentration also coordinates several other metabolic pathways. Citric acid can form complexes with various cations, particularly with iron and calcium. In animals, citric acid improves the utilization of nutritional calcium. Citric acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates derived from corn starch and from beet molasses.
Citric Acid, Trisodium Salt, Dihydrate is used as a substrate for citrate lyase, a buffer component; an anticoagulant. For anticoagulation use it is typically used at a concentration of approximately 0.129 M (i.e. for 4.5 mL blood use 16.0 mg sodium citrate and 2.1 mg citric acid).
To make a sodium citrate buffer use equimolar concentrations (typically approximately 0.05 M concentration) of citric acid, free acid and sodium citrate. Add equal volumes of each solution and titrate to the desired pH.
Room Temperature

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Acetyl-CoA is produced via beta-oxidation of fatty acids, via the metabolism of carbohydrates - glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and via the catabolism of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA has a number of metabolic opportunities. It is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Ficin is a purified ficin preparation which is extracted from the latex of the fig tree Ficus glabrata. Ficin is classified as a thiol protease. Ficin hydrolyses the peptide bonds where the carbonyl group is from phenylalanine or tyrosine. When used in conjunction with other plants proteases, papain or bromelain, a synergistic effect may be observed. Immobilized Ficin was specifically designed for cleavage of mouse IgG1 into F(ab')2 or Fab fragments.The immobilization of ficin enhances stability against denaturation, heat and autolysis. Immobilization also eliminates any potential for antibody-enzyme adducts that cause continued sample digestion.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Natural tomato lycopene is a mixture of isomers, primarily (all-E), but also some (5-Z) and two lesser and unidentified cis isomers, all of which are difficult to resolve by LC. Lycopene is an open chain unsaturated carotenoid that gives tomatoes, guava, rose hip, watermelon and pink grapefruit its red color. Studies show that lycopene intake is significantly associated with lower risk of lung, colon and stomach carcinogenesis. It is an antioxidant.
Isolated from commercially-grown tomatoes (L. esculentum) and once recrystallized and hexane washed.
Antioxidant micronutrient of tomatoes associated with decreased risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Enhances gap junction communication between cells via upregulation of connexin 43 and reduces proliferation of cancer cells in culture. Inhibits cholesterol synthesis and enhances low-density lipoprotein degradation. In vitro, lycopene is a powerful carotenoid quencher of singlet oxygen, being 100 times more efficient in test tube studies of singlet-oxygen quenching action than vitamin E, which in turn has 125 times the quenching action of glutathione (water soluble). Lycopene metabolite apo-10'-lycopenal, or ALA, may have an important role in the metabolism of hepatic lipids, and may prevent build up.
-20 °C, protect from light, store under nitrogen.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Poly-lysine is a polycation which binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. When adsorbed to the culture surface, poly-lysine increases the number of positively charged sites available for cell binding. A compromise between the easier to use lower molecular weight products and the extremely viscous higher molecular weights would be the products in the range of 70,000-150,000.
It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface. Both the D- and L- form of the poly-lysine can be used as a coating substrate since poly-lysine is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells; however, certain cells can digest poly-lysine. In this case, poly-D-lysine should be used as the attachment factor so that the cells are not disrupted by excessive uptake of L-lysine.
Other uses for poly-lysine have been reported as well:
• Conjugation to methotrexate for increased drug transport.
• Microencapsulation of islets.
• Use in simple reproducible procedure for chromosomal preparations from a variety of tissues.
• Immobilation of living cells in biocompatible semipermeable microcapsules.
• In the preparation of polycationic beads.
• Conjugation to albumin and horseradish peroxidase to enhance cellular uptake.
Poly-D-lysine hydrobromide is a synthetic amino acid that enhances cell adhesion to solid substrates. It has additionally been shown to eliminate prion proteins from infected cells.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule moiety via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. It plays an important role in energy transfer. It is an endogenous purine nucleoside that modulates physiological process wherein cellular signaling by adenosine occurs through four known adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) Adenosine is an anti-inflammatory agent at the A(2A) receptor. Cardioprotective effects may relate to activation of A1 adenosine receptors. Endogenous neurotransmitter at adenosine receptors. Cardioprotective effects may relate to activation of A1 adenosine receptors. The antiplatelet and anti−inflammatory actions of adenosine appear to be mediated via the A2 adenosine receptor. In contrast, adenosine appears to be a pro-inflammatory mediator in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adenosine is used in topical treatment of foot wounds in diabetes mellitus and also used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat).It is used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. Physical Appearance: White powder Optical Rotation: -68.0° to -72.0° (c=2, NaOH 1:20) Heavy Metals: ≤0.001% Loss on Drying: ≤0.5% Residue on Ignition: ≤0.1% Storage Temp. : -20 °C

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Protein kinase C inhibitor (IC50 = 50-200 µM depending on assay conditions in MCF-7 cells or IC50 = 100 µM in rat brain). The PKC inhibition is also dependent on the phosopholipid concentration. Also inhibits both calmodulin-dependent and calmodulin-independent Ca2+-, Mg2+-ATPase. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), anti-angiogenetic factor. It is a prodrug that is metabolized to active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and endoxifen by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. In breast cancer, the gene repressor activity of tamoxifen against ERBB2 is dependent upon PAX2. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.
Tamoxifen has been used to facilitate the recombination of ect2flox allele in mouse organs. It has also been used to study its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation
Tamoxifen is a Protein kinase C inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Folic acid, also known as folate, is a B vitamin that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It can also be chemically synthesized. Folate, a watersoluble vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells and aids in the formation of genetic material within every body cell. This product exhibits metal binding properties. Hematopoietic vitamin present, free or combined with one or more additional molecules of L-(+)-glutamic acid, in liver, kidney, mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses.
Folic acid (Vitamin B9 and folate) is essential to numerous bodily functions. The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions. It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy.
Folic acid (FA) and dihydrofolic acid (FAH2) are substrates of dihydrofolate reductase(s) which reduce them to tetrahydrofolate (THF), which in turn supports ‘one carbon’ transfer. Tetrahydrofolates are required for de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid and various amino acids and for post-translational methylation (epigenetics).
Very slightly soluble in cold water (0.0016 mg/mL at 25 °C), soluble to about 1% in boiling water. Slightly soluble in methanol, appreciably less soluble in ethanol and butanol. Insoluble in acetone, chloroform, ether, benzene. Relatively soluble in acetic acid, phenol, pyridine, solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Soluble in hot dilute HCl and H2SO4.

Supplier: Thermo Scientific Chemicals

Powder

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

β-NADP is a coenzyme necessary for the alcoholic fermentation of glucose and the oxidative dehydrogenation of other substances. It occurs widely in living tissue, especially in the liver. Nicotinic acid can be converted to nicotinamide in the body and, in this form, is found as a component of two oxidation-reduction coenzymes: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The nicotinamide portion of the coenzyme transfers hydrogens by alternating between oxidized quaternary nitrogen and a reduced tertiary nitrogen. NADP is an essential coenzyme for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconic acid. This reaction initiates metabolism of glucose by a pathway other than the citric acid cycle. This route is known as the hexose phosphate shunt or phosphogluconate pathway. Other enzymes which utilize NADP as a coenzyme are: Alcohol dehydrogenase:NADP dependent; Aromatic ADH:NADP dependent; Ferredoxin-NADP reductase; L-Fucose dehydrogenase; Gabase; Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase; Glucose dehydrogenase; L-Glutamic dehydrogenase; Glycerol dehydrogenase:NADP specific; Isocitric dehydrogenase; Malic enzymes; 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Urea is the principal end product of nitrogen metabolism in most mammals, formed by the enzymatic reactions of the Kreb's cycle.
Urea is a mild agent usually used in the solubilization and denaturation of proteins. It is also useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride such as inclusion bodies; and in the extraction of the mitochondrial complex. It is commonly used to solubilize and denature proteins for denaturing isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis and in acetic acid-urea PAGE gels. Urea is used in cell or tissue culture media to increase the osmolality. Urea has also been used as fertilizer because of the easy availability of nitrogen; in animal feeds; it is reacted with aldehydes to make resins and plastics; condensed with malonic ester to form barbituric acid; used in the paper industry to soften cellulose; used as a diuretic; enhances the action of sulfonamides; an antiseptic.
Urea in solution is in equilibrium with ammonium cyanate. The form that reacts with protein amino groups is isocyanic acid. Urea in the presence of heat and protein leads to carbamylation of the proteins. Carbamylation by isocyanic acid interferes with protein characterization because isocyanic acid reacts with the amino terminus of proteins, preventing N-terminal sequencing. Isocyanic acid also reacts with side chains of lysine and arginine residues resulting in a protein that is unsuitable for many enzymatic digests. In addition, carbamylation often leads to confusing results from peptides having unexpected retention times and masses. When performing enzymatic protein digests it is important to remove urea first. Even though some enzymes will tolerate small amounts of urea, the elevated temperature used for most reactions will lead to carbamylation during the course of the digest. The urea can be removed prior to digestion by fast reversed phase chromatography, spin columns, or dialysis.
Dissolve urea in deionized water to the desired concentration.For every 10 ml of solution, add 1 g of Amberlite® IRA-910.Stir for one hour at room temperature