You searched for: Proteins and Peptides

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), also known as type II interferon, is produced by T and NK cells, and in smaller amounts by dendritic cells and macrophages. IFN-γ is controlled by cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18 secreted in response to infection (Schroder et al.). IFN-γ binds to a receptor complex and initiates signal transduction via the JAK/STAT pathway; this culminates in the transcription and activation of many genes that control a diverse array of immunological functions (de Weerd and Nguyen; Krause et al.). IFN-γ stimulates the antimicrobial and anti-tumor activity of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils (Billiau and Matthys) by promoting the activation of microbial effector functions such as production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and complement (Schroder et al.). IFN-γ enhances MHC class I and II expression in dendritic cells and mononuclear phagocytes, as well as the production of IL-12 by dendritic cells. In B cells, IFN-γ stimulates survival and growth in both mouse and human cells, and redirects B cells from proliferation towards differentiation. IFN-γ favors the development of Th1 vs Th2 cells and stimulates monocyte differentiation and function (Schroder et al.).

Supplier: Adipogen

CD276 (B7-H3) is a member of the B7/CD28 superfamily of costimulatory molecules serving as an accessory modulator of T cell response. B7 family molecules, which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and display extracellular regions containing immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V)- and constant (C)-like domains, are known to modulate T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation by providing co-signals that are either stimulatory or inhibitory. B7-H3 provides a stimulatory signal to T cells. However, recent studies suggest a negative regulatory role for B7-H3 in T cell responses. B7-H3 inhibited T cell proliferation mediated by antibody to T cell receptor or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells. B7-H3 is a negative regulator that preferentially affects T(H)1 responses. B7-H3 may play an important role in muscle-immune interactions, providing further evidence of the active role of muscle cells in local immunoregulatory processes. Recently, B7-H3 expression has also been found in a variety of different human cancers, including prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) and urothelial cell carcinoma. B7-H3 was expressed in some human cancers and correlated with poor outcome of cancer patients.

Supplier: Adipogen

CD276 (B7-H3) is a member of the B7/CD28 superfamily of costimulatory molecules serving as an accessory modulator of T cell response. B7 family molecules, which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and display extracellular regions containing immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V)- and constant (C)-like domains, are known to modulate T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation by providing co-signals that are either stimulatory or inhibitory. B7-H3 provides a stimulatory signal to T cells. However, recent studies suggest a negative regulatory role for B7-H3 in T cell responses. B7-H3 inhibited T cell proliferation mediated by antibody to T cell receptor or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells. B7-H3 is a negative regulator that preferentially affects T(H)1 responses. B7-H3 may play an important role in muscle-immune interactions, providing further evidence of the active role of muscle cells in local immunoregulatory processes. Recently, B7-H3 expression has also been found in a variety of different human cancers, including prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) and urothelial cell carcinoma. B7-H3 was expressed in some human cancers and correlated with poor outcome of cancer patients.

Supplier: Anaspec

Streptavidin is a nonglycosylated, tetrameric protein, with each subunit able to bind a single molecule of the vitamin biotin. Streptavidin-biotin bond is the strongest known non-covalent interaction with Kd ~10-15 M. Because streptavidin lacks any carbohydrate modification and has a near-neutral pI, it has the advantage of much lower nonspecific binding than avidin. Streptavidin is broadly used in various applications such as immunoassays, histochemistry, FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization), flow cytometry, microarrays and blot analysis.

Supplier: Adipogen

CX3CL1 is expressed on TNF-alpha and IL-1 activated endothelial cells (ECs) and binds to CX3CR1. CX3CL1 can exist in 2 forms, as membrane-anchored or as a shed 95-kDa glycoprotein. The soluble CX3CL1 has potent chemoattractant activity for T cells and monocytes, and the cell surface bound protein, which is induced on activated primary endothelial cells, promotes strong adhesion of those leukocytes. CX3CL1 may play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium.

Supplier: Adipogen

CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. CD137 is expressed by activated T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. CD137 has costimulatory activity for activated T cells. Crosslinking of CD137 enhances T cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion survival and cytolytic activity. CD137 was shown to enhance immune activity to eliminate tumors in mice.

Supplier: Adipogen

CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. CD137 is expressed by activated T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. CD137 has costimulatory activity for activated T cells. Crosslinking of CD137 enhances T cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion survival and cytolytic activity. CD137 was shown to enhance immune activity to eliminate tumors in mice.

Supplier: Anaspec

This proteinase activated receptor (PAR-1) belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and is known to mediate the cellular effects of thrombin. In addition to it's varied cellular effects of thrombin, PAR-1 also has been shown to co-ordinate with PAR-4 and regulate thrombin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma harboring thrombin formation within the tumor environment classified as 'coagulation type'.
Sequence: TFLLRN-NH2
MW: 761.9 Da
% Peak Area by HPLC: ≥ 95%
Storage condition: -20°C

Supplier: Anaspec

Kisspeptin was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at puberty from the anterior pituitary.
This peptide sequence is found in residues 45 to 54 of Metastin (also referred to as Kisspeptin-10). This peptide increases plasma concentrations of GH (Growth Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) in prepubertal dairy heifers. This peptide is the minimal sequence needed to activate GPR54 signaling, which may function in negatively regulating CXCR4’s role in programming tumor metastasis. Specifically, Kisspeptin-10 inhibits signaling and chemotaxis induced by SDF-1.
Sequence:YNWNSFGLRF-NH2
MW:1302.5 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Anaspec

This Histone 4 peptide is acetylated at lysine 16. Lysine 16 of H4 appears to be a unique target for acetylation. Studies in yeast clearly indicate that acetylation of H4 lysine 16 is an independent specific function in relation to gene transcription when compared to other histone acetylation sites. It was also observed that a human histone acetyltransferase complex showed strong specificity for H4K16 in chromatin and, RNAi-mediated knockdown experiments revealed that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell.
Sequence:SGRGKGGKGLGKGGA-K(Ac)-RHRK
MW:2034.4 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Anaspec

This sequence is amino acids 1 to 21 fragment of the histone 4. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300/CBP catalyses the acetylation of this N-terminal tail of free histone H4 at Lys5, 8, 12, 16. Lys8 is thought to be the preferred acetylation site in H4. Determinants of interaction of p300 with histone 4 appear to be fully present on H4-21, the N-terminal region of the protein.
Sequence:SGRGKGGKGLGKGGAKRHRKV
MW:2091.5 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Anaspec

Substance P (SP) is an important neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family. It acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. It is closely related to neurokinin A, both originating from the same precursor preprotachykinin A. It is released from the terminals of sensory nerves and is involved in inflammation and pain processes.
Sequence:RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2
MW:1347.7 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Anaspec

All the HCl salt forms of Aß (1-40), Aß (25-35) and D-Ser26 Aß (25-35), take the ß-structure within a few hours in PBS. They form fibrils, exert toxic effects on hippocampal cultured neurons and suppress MTT reduction activity of non-neuronal (HeLa) cells without cytotoxicity.
Sequence: DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV ? HCl
Molecular Weight: 4329.9+36.5 Da
% Peak Area by HPLC: ≥95
Peptide Content: ≥ 60%
Storage condition: -20°C

Supplier: Anaspec

B-Phycoerythrin (B-PE), a fluorescent protein from phycobiliprotein family, is isolated from cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae. Its primary absorption peak is at 545 nm with a secondary peak at 563 nm. B-PE consists of a, b and g subunits and is present as (ab)6g. B-PE and the closely related R-PE are the most intensely fluorescent phycobiliproteins having orange fluorescence. They are significantly brighter and more photostable than conventional organic fluorophores. B-PE labeled streptavidin, primary and secondary antibodies have been widely used in applications such as flow cytometry and multi-color immunofluorescent staining.

Supplier: Anaspec

This is a monomethylated lysine at position 4 of the 1-21 amino acid histone H3 peptide. This form of histone methylation is characterized as being enriched around transcription start sites. It’s chromatin mark was also closely correlated to cell-type specific expression of putative gene targets of enhancers. It was also noted from a genome wide study that most potential regulatory elements were enriched only by the mono-methylated version of this histone 3.
Sequence:ART-K(Me1)-QTARKSTGGKAPRKQLA
MW:2268.6 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Adipogen

Notch signaling pathway regulates many different cell fate decisions in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. There are 5 canonical Notch ligands in mammals: Jagged-1, Jagged-2, DLL1, DLL3 and DLL4. These can bind to the four Notch receptors Notch 1-4. It is important for pattern formation during development such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis or myogenesis and regulates T cell development and stem cell maintenance. Notch signaling is also involved in cellular processes through-out adulthood. Signaling via Notch occurs between neighbouring cells and both the receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins.

Supplier: Anaspec

Cathepsins are a class of globular lysosomal proteases, playing a vital role in mammalian cellular turnover. They degrade polypeptides and are distinguished by their substrate specificities. Cathepsin S is a cysteine proteinase involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, obesity and related diseases.
This peptide is a cathepsin S substrate fluorescently labeled with AMC (Ex/Em=354 nm/442 nm). It can be used to measure cathepsin S activity.
Sequence:Ac-KQKLR-AMC
MW:871.1 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Adipogen

GCN5 functions as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to promote transcriptional activation. Acetylation of histones gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. It has significant histone acetyltransferase activity with core histones, but not with nucleosome core particles. In case of HIV-1 infection, it is recruited by the viral protein Tat. It regulates Tat's transactivating activity and may help inducing chromatin remodeling of proviral genes. GCN5 is a component of the Ada Two-A containing (ATAC) complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4.

Supplier: Anaspec

An ACE-2 (Angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2) fluorescent substrate. Complete hydrolysis of 0.04 mM results in a 300-fold fluorescence increase over background. Max Abs/Em=325/393 nm upon cleavage of substrate.
Sequence: Mca-APK(Dnp)
MW: 696.7 Da
% Peak area by HPLC: 95
Storage condition: -20°C

Supplier: Anaspec

This is amino acids 81 to 111 fragment of the NY-ESO-1. The NY-ESO-1 antigen is expressed by many tumors of different histological types (including breast, prostate, lung, and melanoma) and by male germline cells, but not by other normal tissues. NY-ESO-1 encodes MHC class I- and class II-restricted peptides expressed by a diverse range of cancers and recognized by T cells. This peptide is pan-MHC class II-restricted sequence that is capable of binding to multiple HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules, including HLA-DRB1*0101, 0401, 0701, and 1101 and HLA-DPB1*0401 and 0402 molecules.
Sequence:LLEFYLAMPFATPMEAELARRSLAQ
MW:2869.4 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Adipogen

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are closely related secreted ligands which bind with similar affinity to Tie-2. Tie-2 and angiopoietins have been shown to play critical roles in embryogenic angiogenesis and in maintaining the integrity of the adult vasculature. Ang-1 activates Tie-2 signaling on endothelial cells to promote chemotaxis, cell survival, cell sprouting, vessel growth and stabilization. Ang-2 has been identified as a secreted protein ligand of Tie-2 and has alternatively been reported to be an antagonist for Ang-1 induced Tie-2 signaling as well as an agonist for Tie-2 signaling, depending on the cell context.

Supplier: Anaspec

Cathepsins are a class of globular lysosomal proteases, playing a vital role in mammalian cellular turnover. They degrade polypeptides and are distinguished by their substrate specificities. Cathepsin K is the lysosomal cysteine protease involved in bone remodeling and resorption. It has potential as a drug target in autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis.
This FRET peptide can be used to monitor selectively cathepsin K activity in physiological fluids and cell lysates. Abz-HPGGPQ-EDDnp [where Abz represents o-aminobenzoic acid and EDDnp represents N -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-ethylenediamine], a substrate initially developed for trypanosomal enzymes, is efficiently cleaved at the Gly-Gly bond by cathepsin K. This peptide is resistant to hydrolysis by cathepsins B, F, H, L, S and V, Ex/Em=340 nm/420 nm.
Sequence:Abz-HPGGPQ-EDDnp
MW:920 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Adipogen

HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localized innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also causative agent of various diseases as it causes localized inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis.

Supplier: Anaspec

This is histone H3 (1-21) dimethylated at Lys9. Methylation of Lys 9 is associated with transcriptionally silent chromatin. Histone H3 mono- and dimethylated at Lys 9 localize specifically to silent domains within euchromatin while histone H3 trimethylated at this residue localizes to pericentric heterochromatin.
Sequence:ARTKQTAR-K(Me2)-STGGKAPRKQLA
MW:2282.6 Da
% peak area by HPLC:95
Storage condition:-20° C

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic factor that belongs to the four-helix bundle cytokine family and is structurally related to interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM). CNTF binds to its receptor CNFTRα and induces formation of a heterodimer of the signal transducing IL-6 receptor gp130 and LIF receptor (LIFR)-β, which triggers JAK/STAT, ERK, and PI3K signaling cascades (Schuster et al.). CNTF plays an important role in neurogenesis and the differentiation of neural stem cells and has been suggested to possess a therapeutic role in treating neurological disorders (Ding et al.; Oppenheim et al.). CNTF has also been shown to protect rod photoreceptors from light-induced damage and have therapeutic effects on retinal degenerative diseases caused by genetic defect or damage induced by toxins, autoantibodies, or strong light (Pernet et al.; Rhee et al.). Another therapeutic role of CNTF has been reported in protecting oligodendrocytes from death induced by apoptosis (Louis et al.). Additionally, CNTF is commonly used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into astrocytes (Krencik and Zhang). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine with effects on various tissues including the bone marrow, brain, and intestinal mucosa (Du andamp; Williams). It belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines that share a common signal transducer, gp130. IL-11 induces the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (Lemoli et al.) and megakaryocytic progenitor cells (Bruno et al.), the maturation of megakaryocytes (Burstein et al.), and the production of platelets (Neben et al.). IL-11 is produced by a variety of cell types including hematopoietic cells, mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, and neuronal cells. It was first cloned from a cDNA library of the human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line KM-102 (Kawashima et al.). The binding of IL-11 to its receptor induces heterodimerization with the gp130 subunit and activation of JAK tyrosine kinases. IL-11 was the first pharmacologic agent approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. IL-11 also plays a role in cancer progression by inducing the proliferation of epithelial cancer cells and the survival of metastatic cells at distant organs. Recently, IL-11 has gained interest for its role in the pathogenesis of diseases in dysregulated mucosal homeostasis associated with STAT3 upregulation, including gastrointestinal cancers (Putoczki et al.).

Supplier: Anaspec

This is fluorescent GLP-1 labeled at the peptide C-terminus with FAM, Abs/Em=494/521 nm. In response to Glucose ingestion, proglucagon in the intestinal L cells is cleaved into GLP-1 (1-36). Prior to secretion into the circulation, GLP-1 (1-36) is further processed into amidated GLP-1 (7-36)-and small amounts of glycine-extended GLP-1 (7-37). Both GLP-1 (7-36) and GLP-1 (7-37), causes glucose dependent release of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells. They also play a role in gastric motility (gastric emptying), on the suppression of plasma glucagon levels (glucose production) and possibly on the promotion of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues independent of the actions of insulin. GLP-1 peptides such as GLP-1 (1-36) have been used to investigate restoration of pancreatic beta cell function. GLP-1 is also produced in the central nervous system.
Sequence: FAM-HDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR-NH2
MW: 4469.8 Da
% Peak area by HPLC: 95
Storage condition: -20° C

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine produced by activated Th2 cells, B cells, keratinocytes and monocytes/macrophages. In vitro murine and human IL-10 inhibits cytokine synthesis by Th1 cells, natural killer cells and monocytes/macrophages. Several studies have suggested the potential application of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of septic shock and as an immunosuppressive agent in certain T cell mediated autoimmune diseases.

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. In synergy with other cytokines such as stem cell factor, IL-3, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, it also stimulates erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Barreda et al.). GM-CSF is produced by multiple cell types, including stromal cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and Th1 and Th17 T cells (Francisco-Cruz et al.). The receptor for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) is composed of two subunits: the cytokine-specific α subunit (GMRα; CD116) and the common subunit βc (CD131) shared with IL-3 and IL-5 receptors (Broughton et al.). GM-CSFR is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including progenitor cells and immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) promotes the production of myeloid cells of the granulocytic (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and monocytic lineages in vivo. It has been tested for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells and for treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the development of DCs that ingest, process, and present antigens to the immune system (Francisco-Cruz et al.).

Supplier: Adipogen

CD278, also called inducible costimulator (ICOS) or CRP1 (CD28-related protein-1), is a member of the growing CD28 family of immune costimulatory receptors. Other family members are CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-1. ICOS is expressed on most CD45RO+ cells. ICOS expression is upregulated within approximately 24-48 hours of activation on Th primed cells. B7-H2, a member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands, has been identified as the ICOS ligand. The B7-H2/ICOS interaction appears to play roles in T cell dependent B cell activation and Th differentiation.